- Economía: Effective and reasonable administration of the goods. - Microeconomía: Study of the economy in relation with individual actions, of a buyer, of a manufacturer, of a company, etc. - Salario: He pays or regular remuneration. - Precios: Pecuniary value in which it is estimated a little. - Equidad: Moderation in the price of the things, or in the conditions of the contracts. - Renta: Usefulness or benefit that produces anually something, or what of it one receives. - Empleo: Action and effect of working. - Bienes: The reality that possesses a positive value and for it it is estimable. - Servicios: Speaking about benefits or ecclesiastic prebends, residence and personal assistance.
-National wealth: is the set of natural or manufactured, can meet the current and future needs that inhabitants of a country at a given time. -Personal disposable income: the income is finally receiving all households in a country and is available to consume or save. -Gross domestic product: is the market value of all final goods and services produced by a country during a given time. -Amortization: amounts deducted from profits to cover losses or wear the product value in a company. -Human capital consists of the active population of a country along with theirlevel of qualification. -Capital goods: a set of goods used to produce other goods. -Market failures: the situation where the market does not make efficient use of available resources. -Tax system: procedures and rules by which individuals and companies help finance public spending. -Pure public goods: type of goods whose consumption is indivisible and can not exclude anyone for what they have to be offered by the public sector and any company is interested in producing them unable to take their toll.
· TAX: The tax is a kind of tribute governed by public law. It is characterized by not requiring a fee directly or determined by the administration Inland Revenue (tax creditor).
· MONEY: is a common medium of exchange and generally accepted by society that is used for payment of goods, services, and any obligations.
· CONSUMPTION: is the action and effect of consumption or expenditure, whether products, and other kinds of short-lived, or goods and services, such as energy, meaning consumed as a result of using these products and services to meet primary and secondary needs . Mass consumption has given rise to consumerism and the so-called consumer society.
·BARTER: barter is the exchange of some objects or other services for other ones, and it differs from the usual sale because it is not used any money at all. In order for the exchange among individuals,the institution of private property must exist before.
THE BASIC PROBLEM OF THE ECONOMY: *Goods: things that are considered adequate to meet human needs. *The opportunity cost: (of something) is that to which one must give to get. *Marginal analysis: it assumes that people make the decisions weighing the additional benefits against the additional costs at the time we chose.
PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES *Production factors: the resources needed to produce goods and services. *Productivity: is the relationship established between the goods and services produced and the factors used in their derivation. *Economic growth: reflecting the increase in total production of a country and can be achieved in two ways, by increasing the number of factors of production and by improving productivity.
AGENTS AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS *Companies: are the economic agents whose basic function is to produce goods and services that society demands. *Economic system: it is the way a society organizes itself to solve basic economic problems: what to produce, how and for whom. *Mixed economy systems: combining the virtues of the market with government intervention and correct their mistakes.
THE COMPANY AND ITS FUNCTIONS *The added value of an enterprise is the difference between the value of goods produced and the cost of raw materials used paar their production. *Technical efficiency: when you get the maximum production with few resources given. *Economic efficiency: when you get the maximum production with minimum cost.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND * Market: means by which people come into contact or who wish to acquire a certain others who want to sell. * Request: Indicates how much of a good or service that would be willing to buy consumers each price level. * Offer: indicates how much of a good or service would be willing to sell the producers at every level of prices, considering their cost of production and business expectations.
MARKET MODELS * Competition: Rivalry among several companies trying to sell the same kind of goods or services to the plaintiffs in that market. * Perfect competition is a type of market in which there are many small firms producing a single differentiated product so that none of the producers can influence the price at which it sells its product. * Oligopoly: A type of market where entry barriers are high and has a number of small businesses.
LABOUR MARKET AND EMPLOYMENT *The job: The contribution is both physical and intellectual that makes the human being to contribute to the production of goods and services. *Human capital formation and experience of a person, company or a country is its human capital. *Unions: workers'organizations seeking to improve working conditions for its members.
ECONOMIC INDICATORS * Macroeconomics: The part of economics that studies the economic problems of a country priority from an aggregate or overall perspective. * The gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all goods and services produced by a country durantre a certain period of time. * Amortization: a measure of the loss or depreciation in value of productive capital for their participation in production for a given period.
STATE INTERVENTION IN THE ECONOMY * Market failures: situation in which the market does not make efficient use of available resources. * Sustainability: to ensure growth that meets the needs of the present without compromising the development of future generations. * The foreign policy: from the state also can influence the foreign relations of trade policy measures.
THE BALANCE AND CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY * Power consumption: is the expenditure by households on goods and services in a period. * Type of interest: prestamo.Suele price expressed as a percent per annum on the amount borrowed. * The economic investment, involving the acquisition of productive assets in order to produce other goods.
Hello Juana Mari!! I am Irene, here i lend the conceps: Unit ten: Interest rate: loan rates. Usually expressed in per cent per annum on the amount borrowed. Economic investments: They assume the acquisition of capital goods to produce other goods. Aggregate supply: It is the total amount of goods and services that businesses of a country are willing to produce and sell at different prices. Unit eleven: Public debt: It reflects the balance at any given time should the state as consecuciencia deficit from previous years. Also used to refer to a way to get finanzación by the state or other public authorities mdiant issuance of securities. Purpose of taxes: Finance goods and services provided by the public sector. Redistribute income and wealth. Restrict or divert or consumption expenditure is estimated that harmful to the health of people or society, such as excise duty on snuff and alcohol or environmental taxes. Taxes: Taxes are paid for the use of a good service provided by the Administration. Unit twelve: Money merchandise: It is a good that, besides having a value in itself, is used as a medium of exchange by members of a society. Barter: Direct exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the money broker The monetarists: They believe that demand inflaccion is due to the excessive creation of money. If money grows more than the goods produced by the economy, people have more money to comprarpor what they can pay higher prices for them. This is one way of interpretation of the excess demand.
Hey Juana Mari, here I write you the concepts: It's MANUEL RAMIREZ
- CONSUMPTION: the total expenditure incurred by households on goods and services in a given time period. Includes both durable goods and nondurable goods. -INTEREST RATE: the price of a loan. Usually expressed in per cent per annum on the amount borrowed. -Investment returns: the ratio expressed in percentage between the yield and economic benefits of an investment and the capital invested. -TAXES: are payments that are required by law without the taxpayer receives a specific benefit in return. -PUBLIC DEBT: it reflects the balance at any given time should the State because of the deficit from previous years. -RATES: are taxes that are paid for the use of a good or service offered by the Administration. -PAPER MONEY: certificate issued by a bank or by a goldsmith to give evidence that a person has made a deposit of gold and that gold may be changed when the owner requires. -INFLATION: is defined as a widespread and sustained rise in the price of an economy. -VALUE OF MONEY: is their purchasing power, ie, the set of goods and services is available to him. If prices rise the value of money falls in the same proportion.
Hello Miss Juana Mari, my name´s Emilio Fernández Pérez. I'm sixteen years old and I study at La Salle Viña School.Here my conceps: ·INVESTMENT:Is the amount purchased per unit time of goods which are not consumed but are to be used for future production. Examples include railroad or factory construction. I ·CAPITAL:The manifestation of production, used to produce goods or services, that is not itself significantly consumed (though it may depreciate) in the production process. ·SAVING:Is income not spent, or deferred consumption. Methods of saving include putting money aside in a bank or pension plan.[1] Saving also includes reducing expenditures, such as recurring costs. ·INTEREST RATES:An interest rate is the rate at which interest is paid by a borrower for the use of money that they borrow from a lender. ·CREDIT:Credit is the trust which allows one part to provide resources to another part where that second part does not reimburse the first part immediately (thereby generating a debt ), but instead arranges either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. ·SHARE:A joint stock company divides its capital into units of equal denomination. Each unit is called a share. These units are offered for sale to raise capital. This is termed as issuing shares. A person who buys share/shares of the company is called a shareholder, and by acquiring share or shares in the company becomes one of the owners of the company. ·BANK:Is generally a highly regulated industry, and government restrictions on financial activities by banks have varied over time and location.
Hello Juana Mari I am Quito , your favorite student, I have 16 years and I like spaghetti, I live in Cadiz. - Invest: Change, replacing them by their opponents, position, order or direction of things. - Bank: Public Establishment for credit corporation incorporated in. - Save: Reserve some part of recurrent expenditure. - Bank teller: Part, site or unit stationed in the treasuries, banks and trading houses to receive or keep money or securities equivalent and to make payments. - Inflaction: Trespass, breach of a law, agreement or treaty, or a moral standard, logical or doctrinal. - Capital: Amount of money that is paid is imposed or allowed to roll over one or several farms, especially when it is of some importance. - Profitable: That produces sufficient income or profit. - Barter: Direct exchange of goods and services, without any intervention of money. - Tax: Tribute is required depending on the economic capacity of the parties responsible for payment. - Interest: Profit produced by capital.
- Money: all means of exchange is common and generally accepted by a society that is used to pay for goods. - Currency: is a piece of a resilient material, usually in the form of stamped metal disc, which is used as a measure of change. - Inflation: Marked increase in the price level with adverse effects on the economy of a country. - Term: Each part of an amount payable in two or more times. - Liquidity: Quality of assets a bank may be readily converted into cash. - Produce: The one thing: Rent, interest yield, profit or annual profits. - Credit: Amount of money, or something equivalent, that someone must a person or entity, and that the creditor is entitled to demand and collect. - Actions: Each of the aliquots into which the capital of a corporation. - Save: Save money and forecasting for future needs. - Trade: Negotiating is buying and selling or swapping goods or merchandise. - Product: Flow that comes from something that is sold, or that it pays off. - Fee (arancel): Official rate that determines the rights that are payable in various fields, such as legal fees, customs, railways, etc. - Fees (cuotas): Amount paid regularly associations, communities, social security, etc. - Dumping: Commercial practice of selling below cost to own the market, with serious consequences to this. - Balance: Comparative statement of the import and export of commercial items in a country. - Surplus: In trade, the excess flow may or must or obligations on the box. - Deficit: In trade, which is found by comparing the existing flow may or background or position in the company capital. - Financial: Of or pertaining to public finance, the banking and securities issues or large commercial businesses. - Account: A deposit of money in a bank.
-Tax: are payments that are required by law, without which the taxpayer receives a specific Benefil return. -Barter: direct exchange of goods and services without the intervention of money mediate. -Inflation: is defined as a pervasive and continuous rise in prices of the economy. -Loan: Amount applied immediately, so you must pay interest on the transverse of the funds received. -International trade: is exchange of goods and services between different countries. -Money: medium of exchange and payment accepted by society geneal. -Paper money: certificate issued by a bank to give evidence that a person has made a deposit of orro and can be exchanged for gold when the owner required. -Banks: They are private companies whose objective is to obtain benedicios for their owners. -Notes and bonds: are debt securities that represent each d equal parts into which a loan.
- Companies: are operators whose function is to produce goods and services that society demands. - Technical efficiency: when maximum production is achieved with the resources we have. - Market: means by which people can sell or buy goods. - Factors of production: the resources needed to produce goods and services. - Economic growth: You can see the increase in total production of a country and can be accomplished in two ways: increasing the number of factors of production and improving productivity. - The economic system is the way a society organizes itself to solve the basic economic problems: what to produce, how and for whom.
Hi Teacher Juana Mari , I'm Pablitooo Molina and now I 'm going to put de concepts of the didactic unit 4.
1-usefulness of the goods:Capacity that they have to satisfy human needs
2-Technical efficiency:When the maximum production is obtained by a few given resources
3-Economic efficiency :When The maximum production is obtained with the minimum possible cost
4-Function of production : analyzes that it happens with the produced quantity when we increase someone of the productive facotres, keeping other factors constant
5- Income: It is the price of the number of sold units.
6 - Benefits: It is the difference between the income and the total costs.
7-Primary sector: they create usefulness when the products of the nature obtain Inclued agricultural and cattle companies
8-Secondary sector: they develop a productive activity on having transformed physically a few goods into more useful others for his use. For example the manufacturers
9 - Tertiary sector: they can gather in commercial and of services
10-individual entrepreneur or Sole proprietor : Autonomous that answers with all his goods of the debts of the company
11-corporate companies : They are constituted by several persons who by means of a contract bind to put jointly money, goods or work
12-collective partnership: The partners contribute the capital and work and answer unlimited the social debts
13- Company comanditaria : they have the same responsibility that in the collective one and the special partners
14- Companies of social interest: They are companies that for his aims and characteristics they enjoy helps and protection
15-Multinational companies: They are companies formed by a parent company that trusts in a series of subsidiaries that they handle in the countries different from the world and that they share same aims
Good these have been my concepts on the didactic unit 4 Good-bye, up to tomorrow
Hi Juana Mari, I'm Ana Carmen Bruzónn ! Here my concepts:
- Raw material Basic substance in its natural, modified, or semi-processed state, used as an input to a production process for subsequent modification or transformation into a finished good.
- Manpower 1. Total supply of personnel available or engaged for a specific job or task. 2. Total labor force of a nation, including both men and women. If there are more people than available jobs, it is called manpower surplus; if available people are fewer than jobs, it is called manpower deficit.
- Market An actual or nominal place where forces of demand and supply operate, and where buyers and sellers interact (directly or through intermediaries) to trade goods, services, or contracts or instruments, for money or barter.
-Goods A commodity, or a physical, tangible item that satisfies some human want or need, or something that people find useful or desirable and make an effort to acquire it. Goods that are scarce (are in limited supply in relation to demand) are called economic goods, whereas those whose supply is unlimited and that require neither payment nor effort to acquire, (such as air) are called free goods.'
-Cost 1.An amount that has to be paid or given up in order to get something. 2.In business, cost is usually a monetary valuation of effort, material, resources, time and utilities consumed, risks incurred, and opportunity forgone in production and delivery of a good or service.
-Entry Record of a financial transaction in its appropriate book of account. See also journal entry.
-Benefit Desirable attribute of a good or service, which a customer perceives he or she will get from purchasing. Whereas vendors sell features ("high speed drill bit with tungsten-carbide tip"), buyers seek the benefit.
-Fixed cost A periodic cost that remains more or less unchanged irrespective of the output level or sales revenue, such as depreciation, insurance, interest, rent, salaries, and wages. While in practice, all costs vary over time and no cost is a purely fixed cost, the concept of fixed costs is necessary in short term cost accounting.
-Variable cost A periodic cost that varies in step with the output or the sales revenue of a company. Variable costs include raw material, energy usage, labor, distribution costs, etc.
-Breakeven point Point in time (or in number of units sold) when forecasted revenue exactly equals the estimated total costs; where loss ends and profit begins to accumulate. This is the point at which a business, product, or project becomes financially viable.
-Supplier A party that supplies goods or services. A supplier may be distinguished from a contractor or subcontractor, who commonly adds specialized input to deliverables. Also called vendor.
-Customer 1. A party that receives or consumes products (goods or services) and has the ability to choose between different products and suppliers. 2. Entity within a firm who establishes the requirement of a process (accounting, for example) and receives the output of that process (a financial statement, for example) from one or more internal or external suppliers.
-Technical efficiency Situation where it is impossible for a firm to produce, with the given know how, a larger output from the same inputs or the same output with less of one or more inputs without increasing the amount of other inputs.
-Economic efficiency The situation in which it is impossible to generate a larger welfare total from the available resources. In other words, the situation where some people cannot be made better-off by reallocating the resources or goods, without making others worse-off. It indicates that a balance between benefit and loss has been achieved. Also called allocative efficiency.
-Production function A mathematical equation or graph that shows the relationship between physical inputs and physical outputs for a business. The production function for a business typically focuses on the physical and so does not take into account non physical aspects of production like prices.
TOPIC 6 1.Competition: rivalry among several firms that want to sell the same kind of goods or services to the plaintiffs in that market. 2.Perfect competition is a type of market in which there are many small companies that produce a single undifferentiated product. 3.Entry barriers: barriers that prevent or hinder a company to start a business. 4.Monopolistic competition: a market with many suppliers due to its low barriers to entry, selling differentiated products each. 5.Oligopoly market in which there is a small number of suppliers that produce a similar asset. 6.Cartel: formal agreement made several companies to achieve greater benefits from the joint price fixing. 7.Market share: share of global production of a sector that belongs to a company, product or brand. 8.Small oligopoly: duopoly (two companies). 9.Game theory: theory that studies the behavior of economic agents in situations of interdependence. 10.Tacit collusion: oligopoly situation in a given time without any agreement to mediate, the competing companies decide not to lower prices. 11.Monopoly: a market where one company controls all or most of the supply of a product. 12.collusive oligopoly: when bidders agree to set a single price, market share or limit the production of good.
Hey Juana Mari, I'm Laura Liberato, here I write you the concepts:
-Trust: A type of market in which there is only one supplier or multiple, but one of them controls almost all -Legal monopoly: only when a state allows a company to offer a product -Natural monopoly. are seeking a high fixed cost but a very low variable costs -Tacit Collusion: Oligopoly in a given situation when no agreement to mediate competing firms decide not to lower prices -Game theory: theory that studies the behavior of economic agents in situations of interdependence -Oligopoly: market in which there are a limited number of suppliers that produce a similar good -Poster: formal agreement made several firms operating in an oligopolistic market -Market share: share of global output of a sector that belongs to a company -Monopolistic Competition: a market with many suppliers due to its low barriers to entry -Competition: rivalry among several firms that want to sell the same kind of goods or services -Perfect Competition: type of market where a large number of supply and demand and no company influences its price
Good afternoon Juana Mari I am Ester I write here some definitions(topics6-7) :
1.market models: used to better understand what happens in reality and anticipate what will happen in the future for poer foresee potential problems and the positive powers
2.Entry barriers to economic activity: are obstacles that prevent or difiultan the development of economic activity in the market. it may be legal or financial.
3.Market equilibrium of perfect competition in the very long term: It is the point where producers quilibrio manage to cover their costs but no benefits estraordinarios win.
4.Homogeneous product: It is a product produced by firms is similar to others
5.Duopoly: oligopoly is smaller, which is between two companies
6.Leading companies (oligopoly): It is a company that has a higher percentage in the market cuta other, which decides prices and strategies .
7.Rate of activity: is a percentage obtained by dividing the active population among the total population (over 16) per 100 muliplicado
8.Unemployment rate: is a percentage obtained by dividing the unemployed population in the workforce by 100
9.Efficiency wages: are a type of incentives that companies use to motivate employees and increase productivity
10.Bad deal for use: is one of the causes of the causes of unemployment, which is that there are people multiempleadas or doing overtime and this prevents others from accessing the labor market
Hi Juana Mari, I'm Ana Carmen Bruzón. I think maybe I have not send you the definitions from units 6-7, so I write to you again :D
-Competition: 1. the act of competing; rivalry for supremacy, a prize, etc. 2. the rivalry offered by a competitor
-Oligopoly: the market condition that exists when there are few sellers, as a result of which they can greatly influence price and other market factors. Compare duopoly, monopoly.
-Monopoly: exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices. Compare duopoly, oligopoly.
-Cartel: an international syndicate, combine, or trust formed especially to regulate prices and output in some field of business.
-Market share: the specific percentage of total industry sales of a particular product achieved by a single company in a given period of time.
-Game theory: a mathematical theory that deals with strategies for maximizing gains and minimizing losses within prescribed constraints, as the rules of a card game: widely applied in the solution of various decision-making problems, as those of military strategy and business policy.
-Wages: 1. money that is paid or received for work or services, as by the hour, day, or week. Compare living wage, minimum wage. 2. the share of the products of industry received by labor for its work (as distinct from the share going to capital).
-Human capital: the abilities and skills of any individual, esp those acquired through investment in education and training, that enhance potential income earning.
-Trade unions: a labor union of craftspeople or workers in related crafts, as distinguished from general workers or a union including all workers in an industry.
-Employer: a person or business that employs one or more people, especially for wages or salary.
-Contract: 1. an agreement between two or more parties for the doing or not doing of something specified. 2. an agreement enforceable by law.
-Unemployment: 1. the state of being unemployed, especially involuntarily: Automation poses a threat of unemployment for many unskilled workers. 2. the number of persons who are unemployed.
1.Macroeconomics: Study the most important economic problems a country from an aggregate perspective or set.
2.GDP: is the market value of all goods and services produced in a country for a while.
3.Amortization: a measure of the loss of value suffered by the productive capital for their participation in the production for a while.
4.cohesion funds: are EU aid for the financing of projects of member countries whose income level does not exceed 90% of the EU measure.
5.Structural Funds: are EU support for the financing of projects in the poorest regions.
6.Income: per capita income gives us an idea about the standard of living of a country does not mean that the situation of all citizens of this country is the same.
7.National wealth is the set of goods, natural or able to meet current or future residents have a country at any given time.
8.market failure: situation in which the market does not make efficient use of available resources.
9.economic cycles: are fluctuations in economic activity characterized by the expansion or contraction of production and employment in most economic sectors.
10.imperfect competition type of market in which one or more companies are powerful enough to influence the price and quantities of goods and services offered.
11.equity: people who are in similar circumstances should pay some taxes themselves, and those with greater well-being should pay more taxes.
12.Welfare State: conception that considers it the responsibility of the state to achieve full employment, education, health ...
Hello !!! I´m Sara Ortega Jiménez. I´m writing the concepts in here because I can´t release it any other way. Here they go:
-Financial asset: a financial asset is an intangible asset that derives value because of a contractual claim. Examples include bank deposits, bonds, and stocks. Financial assets are usually more liquid than tangible assets, such as land or real estate, and are traded on financial markets. -Stock exchange: a stock exchange is a form of exchange which provides services for stock brokers and traders to trade stocks, bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. Securities traded on a stock exchange include shares issued by companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. To be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it must be listed there. - Balance sheet: In financial accounting, a balance sheet or statement of financial position is a summary of the financial balances of a sole proprietorship, a business partnership or a company. Assets, liabilities and ownership equity are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of its financial year. - Financial statement: A financial statement (or financial report) is a formal record of the financial activities of a business, person, or other entity. In British English—including United Kingdom company law—a financial statement is often referred to as an account, although the term financial statement is also used, particularly by accountants. - Return on equity: Return on equity (ROE) measures the rate of return on the ownership interest (shareholders' equity) of the common stock owners. It measures a firm's efficiency at generating profits from every unit of shareholders' equity (also known as net assets or assets minus liabilities). ROE shows how well a company uses investment funds to generate earnings growth. - Leasing: leasing is a process by which a firm can obtain the use of a certain fixed assets for which it must pay a series of contractual, periodic, tax deductible payments. - Factoring: factoring is a financial transaction whereby a business sells its accounts receivable to a third party (called a factor) at a discount. - Amortization: amortization is the process of decreasing, or accounting for, an amount over a period. - NPV (VAN): In finance, the net present value (NPV) or net present worth (NPW)of a time series of cash flows, both incoming and outgoing, is defined as the sum of the present values (PVs) of the individual cash flows of the same entity.
1 Amortization: The gradual elimination of a liability, such as a mortgage, in regular payments over a specified period of time. Such payments must be sufficient to cover both principal and interest. 2 Balance: A weighing device, especially one consisting of a rigid beam horizontally suspended by a low-friction support at its center, with identical weighing pans hung at either end, one of which holds an unknown weight while the effective weight in the other is increased by known amounts until the beam is level and motionless 3 Cash on hand: Money in the form of cash that a business has at a particular time. 4 Available capital: capital which is ready to be used public companies: those with capital and control is in state hands 5 Private companies: those owned and controlled in the hands of private individuals 6Market share: share of global production of a sector that belongs to a company, product or brand. 7 economic cycles: are fluctuations in economic activity characterized by the expansion or contraction of production and employment in most economic sectors. 8 Bank:Is generally a highly regulated industry, and government restrictions on financial activities by banks have varied over time and location. 9 Equity: This consists of funds or resources of the company, ie the sum of capital plus the reserves that the company has generated 10 Van: The updated heat expected net returns of an investment. Is obtained as the difference between the payment and the present value of net cash flows generated by the investment. 11 Stocks: are the elements that are stored for sale or for use in the production process 12 Achievable: This consists of the right to charge that the company can convert (to do) in short-term money. 13 available: those which compose it is immediate provision of liquidity and represent the company's treasury. 14 Obligation: it is a title - value that represents an aliquot part of a debt contracted by the company 15 Liquidity: facility with which an assets can turn into money 16 Open market: A freely competitive market operating without restrictions economic iversion: acquisition of capital goods (capital pruduct of the company) to produce other goods 17 Depreciation: is the loss of value of the goods of a company as consequence of his use. 18 Benefits: It is the difference between the income and the total costs. 19 Tertiary sector: they can gather in commercial and of services 20 Technical efficiency:When the maximum production is obtained by a few given resources 21 Human capital consists of the active population of a country along with theirlevel of qualification. 22 Capital goods: a set of goods used to produce other goods. 23 Economic efficiency: when you get the maximum production with minimum cost. 24 Factoring: factoring is a financial transaction whereby a business sells its accounts receivable to a third party (called a factor) at a discount.
-Finance investment is putting money into something with the expectation of gain, that upon thorough analysis, has a high degree of security for the principal amount
-Depreciation - the decrease in value of assets (fair value depreciation)
-Amortization (or amortisation) is the process of decreasing, or accounting for, an amount over a period.
-the balance sheet is an accounting document that reflects the heritage of the company
-Supplies - are items that are stored for sale or for use in the production process
-reserves - are the benefits to the company that are not distributed
-capital - is made up of contributions from partners
-pools of assets - set of assets and liabilities linked together by a common feature
-rights - amounts to us by the customers they have sold on credit
1-Liability: a degree-value representing an aliquot of a debt owed by the company 2-financial-assets: are securities-value that constitute recognition of a liability by of the issuer and giving the holder the right to receive payment. 3-stock market: a market specializing in the sale of any class of securities whose function channeling savings into investment 4-Non-current assets: this consists of all assets and liabilities whose function is to ensure the life of the company, also called fixed assets. 5-Current Assets: The set of elements whose function is to ensure the cycle of exploitation of the company. 6-VAN: The updated heat expected net returns of an investment. Is obtained as the difference between the payment and the present value of net cash flows generated by the investment. The requirement for the investment interest is that its value is positive. 7-economic investment: acquisition of real production to produce other goods 8-Financial investment: Purchase of securities by an investor for the purpose of obtaining an income in the future. 9- The amortization: it is the expression of the depreciation, to amortize a good supposes quantifying his despreciacion. 10-Heritage: A set of assets, rights and obligations of the company in a given time and that is the financial and economic means through which he tries to achieve its objectives. 11-assets and liabilities: are the different assets, rights and obligations which form the heritage. 12-Liquidity: facility with which an assets can turn into money. 13-factoring company is in charge of collecting the receivables from other companies. 14-financial leasing: the company that needs a particular team goes to a company who purchases the good Lesing the manufacturer and leases it to the company. 15-Operational leasing: the arrendedor usually the manufacturer or supplier of the good that also takes care of maintenance and renewal if there is new models. 16-factoring: company is in charge of collecting the receivables from other companies. 17-Depreciation: loss of value of the assets of the company as a result of its use 18-balance situation: it is an accounting document that reflects the heritage of a company at one time. capital: this consists of the contributions of the partners or owners of the company 19-Reservations: are the benefits to the company and not distributed permancen 20-capital: this consists of the contributions of the partners or owners of the company. 21-investment: means the use of financial funds to purchase goods production in order to increase the productive capacity of the company
I`m Quito. 1.Credit: Money that someone must a person and that the creditor is entitled to demand and collect. 2.Loans: Money that gives a financial institution with a future refund with interest. 3.Bank: A place where money is kept for different actions. 4.Factoring: Company that is responsible for collecting the rights of a company charges. 5.Obligations: Title-value that represents an aliquot of a debt owed by the company. 6.Provider: A person or company that supplies some needed items. 7.Finance: A set of activities related to banking issues. 8.Profitability: Ability to rent or produce sufficient benefit. 9.Risk: Proximity of harm or danger. 10.Liquidity: Quality financial capital to be readily converted into cash. 11.Market: Set of buyers of a product. 12.Values: Price, sum of money on something that is valued. 13.Offer: Quantity of goods or services offered on the market at a given price. 14.Demand: Order for goods or goods subject to payment of an amount determined. 15.Net present value: To calculate the present value of a number of future cash flows. 16.Internal rate of return: Is the discount rate that equates the present value of a bond with its market price. 17.Pay back: Is the period of time you need a company to recoup its investment with the quantities obtained by the realization of that investment. 18.Amortize: Recover or offset the funds invested in a company. 19.Current assets: The set of elements whose function is to ensure the cycle of exploitation of the company. 20.Non-current assets: All assets which secure the life of the company. 21.Equity: Capital contributed by the partners or owners of the company. 22.Current liabilities: Payment obligations that have to deal with the company within one year. 23.Non-current liabilities: Are debts maturing in more than a year. 24.Account: Deposit of money in a bank. 25.Balance: Confrontation of assets and liabilities to view the status of business 26.Capital: Production factor consisting of machinery that is used for the production of goods. 27.Reservations: Are the benefits to the company or distributed. 28.Machinery: Assembly of machines for a particular purpose. 29.Customer: A person who uses the services of a professional or company. 30.IRS("Hacienda"): Department of Public Administration who prepares the general budget
Hello JuanaMari :)!! I'm Lidia Castillo (Nº4) I write here my definitions of economics.I hope you have a happy weekend. Kisses :)
1.Loan: Amount of money requested, usually a financial institution, with the obligation to repay it with interest. 2.bank credit: Credit is a financial transaction in which a financial institution makes available an amount of money up to a limit specified in a contract for a period of time. 3.A financial asset: is a degree or simply a book entry on the title the buyer acquires the right to receive future income from the seller. 4.Investment:Training or net increase in capital. Investment (variable flow) of a certain period of time is given by the difference between capital (variable depth) existing at the end and the beginning of that period. 5.Financial investment: Seeks to increase investment and return on the money or retain their value. 6.Economic investment: acquisition of production assets to produce goods. 7.Depreciation: is the loss of value of the goods of a company as consequence of his use. 8.Pay back: is the period of time it takes the company to recover the amount invested. Is calculated by adding the successive cash flows up to equal the initial outlay. 9.Balance sheet: In financial accounting, a balance sheet or statement of financial position is a summary of the financial balances of a sole proprietorship, a business partnership or a company. 10.Sinking fund: Method of removing obligations in an orderly manner through the life of an obligation, either annually or semiannually, a company must set aside a sum of money equivalent to a certain percentage of the total. 11.Amortization: is a term economic and accounting, based on the distribution process at the time of lasting value. Also used as a synonym of depreciation in any of its methods. 12.Wealth: A set of assets, rights and obligations of the company in a given time, and that is the economic and financial means through which he tries to achieve its objectives. 13.Liabilities: debts incurred by the company for several reasons. 14.pools of assets: all assets and liabilities linked by some common characteristic. 15.The working capital is the part of current assets financed by long-term. This item, also called working capital, working capital or revolving fund that determines the financial capacity of the company for the long term. 16.Liquidity: facility with which an assets can turn into money. 17.Tangible assets (buildings, machinery). The assets included in this group should be assessed for their acquisition value, less any depreciation charged. 18.Inventories (raw materials, finished products, goods). These are valued at their acquisition price or production cost. The same problem arises when some stocks have different purchase prices. 19.Investments in securities (shares, bonds) are valued at acquisition value. 20.Raw materials: materials that by working or processing, are intended to form part of finished products. 21.Goods: Goods procured by the company and intended for sale without transformation. 22.Short-term financial investments: short-term investments in shares or other securities of companies. 23.Social capital: share capital in society that are of a commercial manner. 24.Capital: capital subscribed by an individual company. Suppliers: debts with suppliers for purchase of goods with invoice. 25.Industrial property: amount paid by the ownership or the right to use patents and trademarks. 26.Long-term Investments: Equity investments in shares and other securities of companies other than the same group of companies. 27.Current liabilities to credit institutions: The owed to credit institutions and other debits borrowings with maturities not exceeding one year.
1.Gross domestic product (GDP). It is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a certain period of time.
2.Personal disposable income (RPD), is the rent we finally get all the households in a country and available to consume or save.
3.Pure public goods, such goods whose consumption is indivisible and can not exclude anyone, so it must be offered by the public sector, as no company is interested in producing them, unable to take their toll.
4.Economic policy measures. To achieve the economic goals the State applies two types of economic policy: a short term, called cyclical policy and tries to stabilize the economy, and over the medium to long term, structural policy, which aims to create conditions favorable for the economic development of a country.
5.Fiscal policy, the state can increase a country's economic activity by increasing spending or cutting taxes.
6.Monetary policy, the central bank can regulate economic activity through setting interest rates or control of the amounts of money and circulation.
7.Foreign policy, since the state can influence foreign relations with trade policy measures, setting the price of the domestic currency relative to foreign currencies.
8.Incomes policy. When prices soar, the State may take measures to try to halt the rise of certain products.
9.Economic security. Protection against financial risks, such as banking crises.
10.Economic freedom. Consumers can decide how to spend their income the way they want.
11.Sustainability, ensuring growth that meets present needs without preventing future development.
12.Solidarity. Of those who work with those who are unemployed, some sectors of the economy with others, etc.
13.Cotizaciones sociales. Pagos que hacen empresas y trabajadores a la Seguridad Social y por los que se requiere un derecho a percibir determinadas prestaciones( enfermedad o accidentes).
14.Welfare state. Conception that considers it the responsibility of the State to achieve full employment, social security system covering the entire population, the generalization of basic education and health for all and ensuring a decent standard of living even the most disadvantaged.
15.Externalities. The activity of a company or a consumer of external effects which affect others. They tend to be positive for society (social benefits) and sometimes negative (social costs).
16.National wealth. Set of natural or manufactured, capable of meeting current and future needs, which the inhabitants of a country at any given time.
17.Capital goods producción.Constituye national or biene set used to produce other goods (factories, machinery, infrastructure, etc).
18.Human capital, consisting of the active population of a country, together with their level of qualification.
19.Natural resources are part ofthe wealth of a country because satrisfacen consumption requirements and / or production(coasts, rivers, forests).
20.National income. Is the sum of wages and salaries of employees, rent, interest on money lent lso, with corporate profits.
21.Amortization. A measure of the loss in value or depreciation suffered by the productive capital for their participation in production for a period of time.
Hello I am pablo molina alvarez n21 1B and write to him my words in English . A greeting my favorite teacher juana mari
1Macroeconomics: Part of economics that studies the economic problems of a country prioritorios from an aggregate perspective or overall economy
2Growth: Growing creates jobs, improves living standards of the population will raise more taxes and the state is more likely to deliver better public services
3Gross domestic product: The market value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a certain period of time.
4Added value: the value produced by an enterprise less the value of the raw materials used
5Amortization: A measure of the loss suffered by the capital value produced by its use in production for a given period
6Personal disposable income: The income that finally gets all the families in a country which is available for consumption or saving
7Cohesion Funds: Are EU aid to finance projects of member countries whose income level does not exceed 90% of the EU measure
8Structural Funds: are EU aid for the financing of projects in the poorest regions of the territory of the european union
9The national wealth :is the set of goods, natural or able to meet current or future residents have a country at a particular time
10Consumer goods: are food, clothing, furniture, books
11Goods production: are the factories, maquinariao set of goods used to produce other goods
12Natural resources: the coasts, rivers, minerals, satisfying consumption needs and production
13Market failure: A situation in which the market does not make efficient use of available resources
14Economic cycles. Fluctuations in economic activity, characterized by the expansion or contraction of production and employment in most sectors of the economy
15Pure public goods: type of goods whose consumption can not exclude anyone, so it must be offered by the public sector as no company is interested in producing them, unable to take their toll
16Imperfect competition. Type of market in which one or more companies are powerful enough to influence the price and quantities of goods and services offered
17Equity: The principle according to which people who are in similar circumstances should pay some taxes and receive them the same type of benefits and people who enjoy greater well-being should pay more tax
18Fiscal policy. The state can increase economic activity from one country to increase public spending or reducing taxes
19monetary policy: Is the fixing of interest rates or control of the amount of money in circulation
20 foreign policy: influences on foreign relations with trade policy measures
21Sustainability: Ensure growth that meets the needs of present and future
22solidarity: those who work with those who are unemployed
23welfare state: conception that considers it the responsibility of the state to achieve full employment
24Social contributions: Payments to firms and workers make the social seguirdad
·Macroeconomics: Part of economics that studies the priority problems of a country from an aggregate perspective or set
·Microeconomics: studying the different forms of communication for businesses and households through the markets distintios leading to situations of balance or imbalance
·Sustainability: ensuring that economic activities of the present generation do not compromise future generations
·market for goods and services: place where businesses and families buy sell
·National product: You get through the productive effort by factors cial production by the domestic producer is obtained
·Method of value added is a way to get the GDP is the difference between the value of the output of a.
·PNB: refers to the production obtained by the factors of production of cloths though residing outside .
· Private consumption: part of the final goods consumed by households
· Investment: business spending on machinery, plant, equipment
· Public expenditure: refers to the spending of individual services bienesy public administrations
· Net exports: is the difference between exports minus exports
· Per capita income: national income among the population
· PIB(gpd) per capita: GDP between population
· Lorenz curve: shows the inequality of income
·national wealth = consumer + goods + production + human capital resources
- Marketing: it allows to the company to support the contact with the consumers and to verify his needs to produce the goods that satisfy them in such a way that beneficial exchanges are generated for both parts
- Marketing plan: I document in that after the corresponding analysis and I diagnose of the situation, the commercial aims are gathered
- Market: set of consumers who share the same need that estan ready to satisfy her and that have capacity ecnonomica for it
- The investigation of markets: it consists of the obtaining and the analysis of the information that the company needs to take his desiciones of marketing
- Primary information: it is information that the company compiles directly across his pripia investigation
- Marketing mix: it integrates and combines the decisions that the company must adopt brings over of the taxes of his products, the prices that it establishes for each of them, the distribution channel chosen them to bring over to the final client
- The product: it is all good or service that offers on the market to satisfy a need
- The brand: it is the name symbol or logo or a combination of them that he identifies the products of a company
- The price: it is the quantity of money that is paid for the acquisition of a product
- Preferential rate of subscription: it tries to compensate the loss of value of the action as consequence of a capital extension
- To amortize a good supposes quantifying his depreciation, is desir to reflect as a cost mas the part that has been consumed of the total value of the good during a period of time
- Obligation: it is a title - value that represents an aliquot part of a debt contracted by the company
- The stock market: it is a market specialized in the dealing all kinds of titles
- Rate hospitalizes of profitability of an investment: it represents the profit obtained by every Euro invested in a project
- Term of recovery of an investment: It is is the perido of time that is late the company in recovering the reversed quantity
- The amortization: it is the expression of the depreciation, to amortize a good supposes quantifying his depreciación. - Masses pareimoniales: set of wealth assets tied between if for some characteristic common
- The balance sheet of situation: it is an accounting document that reflects the heritage of a company in a certain moment
- Liquidity: facility with which an assets can turn into money
- Short-term solvency: it is the capacidasd to face to the debts exigibles in the year
- Average period of ripeness: it is the time that the company is late, for term in recovering every Euro invested in his cycle of exploitation.
- Factoring: Financial transaction whereby a business job sells its accounts receivable to a third party at a discount in exchange for immediate money with which to finance continued business
- Leasing: Contract whereby, the landlord transferred the right to use a well in return for payment of income from lease for a specified period at the end of which the lessee has the option to buy the demised paying a fixed price, return or renew the contract.
- Stock market: Market in which are traded stocks allowing the channelling savings of investors
- Sale: The exchange of goods or services for an amount of money or its equivalent; the act of selling.
- Bank: A business establishment in which money is kept for saving or commercial purposes or is invested, supplied for loans, or exchanged.
- Budget: an itemized summary of expected income and expenditure of a country, company, etc., over a specified period, usually a financial year.
- Monopoly: A company or group having exclusive control over a commercial activity.
- Open market: A freely competitive market operating without restrictions.
- Bond: Finance a certificate of debt issued in order to raise funds. It carries a fixed rate of interest and is repayable with or without security at a specified future date.
- Middleman: an independent trader engaged in the distribution of goods from producer to consumer.
- Interest: a charge for the use of credit or borrowed money.
- Export: Shipment or sale of products within the country to another.
- Fixed costs: are business expenses that are not dependent on the level of goods or services.
Pilar Jiménez Blanco 1B topics 8 and 9. -macroeconomics : part of the economy that studies the economic problems of a country priority from an aggregate perspective or set -microeconomic perspective: families and businesses relate to each other through different types of market -Price stability: the analysis of the causes of inflation, as well as containment measures for. -equity: it favors the redistribution of income consistent with the values of justice. -GDP: The market value of ditch all final goods and services produced within a country over a longer period of time determiando. -value: the value produced by a emnpresa less the value of raw materials utilizadas.Private consumption: part of the final goods consumed by families -investment: business spending on buildings, machinery, plant .. -public expenditure: includes expenditures on goods and services but of different public adminitraciones. personal disposable income: Income is finally receive all the families in a country that is available to consume or save. -Cohesion Fund: EU aid to finance their projects in member countries Nuvel income does not exceed 90% of the mean. -Structural funds: aid to finance its projects in the poorest regions. -national riquieza: the set of natural or produced capable of satisfascer needs. -mixed economy: cmbinan market advantages in the research for efficiency. -market failure: sitiaciñon in which the market does not make efficient use of available resources. -externalities: when the activities of a company or a consumer external effects which affect others. -negative externalities: when a person throws trash on the street or polluted, are the third party who paid it. -positive externalities: some findings from other companies that benefit business and society in general. -Pure public goods: all goods in which consumption is individual and can not exclude anyone. -imperfect competition: type of market in which one or more undertakings are sufficient podersas to influence prices and quantities of goods and services. -fiscal policy: the state can increase a country's economic activity by increasing public spending. -moneitaria policy: the bank can regulate economic activity through the fijaciñon of interest rates. -foreign policy: from the state can also influence relations with foreign trade policy measures. -incomes policy: when prices soar. -economic security: protection against economic risks -economic freedoms: consumers can decide the cost of their rent. -Sustainability: ensuring growth that meets the needs. -Solidarity: working with those who are unemployed. -efficiency: achieving maximum production gift available resources. -social contributions: payments made by firms and workers to social security and so you acquire a right to benefits. -Welfare State: conception that considers it the responsibility of the state to achieve full employment, education, health ... -Function of production : analyzes that it happens with the produced quantity when we increase someone of the productive facotres, keeping other factors constant
- Macroeconomics: part of economics that studies the economic priorities of a country from an aggregate perspective or set.
- Amortization: A measure of the loss in value or depreciation suffered by the productive capital for their participation in production for a given period.
- Personal disposable income: Is the rent we finally get all the families in a country which is desponible to consume or save.
- Cohesion funds: EU aid is to finance projects in member countries whose income level does not exceed 90% of the average EU.
- National wealth: Is the set of goods, natural or able to meet current or future needs, which the inhabitants of a country at any given time.
- Market failures: Situation in which a market does not make efficient use of available resources.
- Economic cycles: Fluctuations in economic activity, characterized by expansion or contraction of production and employment in most sectors of the economy.
- Pure public goods: Type of goods whose consumption is invisible and can not exclude anyone, so it must be offered by the public sector, as no company is interested in producing them, unable to take their toll.
- perfect competition: Type of market in which one or more companies are powerful enough to be able to influence the price and quantities of goods and services offered.
Hi Juana Mari! I am Alegría García Romero 1B, I'm sorry for being late (After the exam)... But here my definitions! :)
- Depreciation rates: according to the concepts of economy, today we will talk about a term used quite frequently and therefore of vital importance in financial literacy: amortization. Interestingly, the word has two meanings almost opposite, depending on if used on an asset or a liability. When we speak of redemption of a liability we are talking of amortizing a loan or a mortgage, for example, and this meaning is used more in day to day. But when we talk about depreciation of an asset usually talk about the depreciation of an asset previously acquired.
- The underground economy: it refers to all economic activity beyond the control of the treasury. You can be legally (because legal economic activities but not taxed, as is the case of prostitution in the Netherlands, or activities that are taxed even get a lower payment means legally, as loopholes) or illegal. This type of economy is a measure of the GDP of a country, and that is not upwelled.
- The national income:(also known as national income) is an economic size, which is composed of all income received by all national productive factors in a given year, minus all intermediate goods and services that have been used to produce them. It is a valuable tool to analyze the results of the economic process, which specifically measures the amount of goods and services that are arranged in the country for a year.
- Public goods: Traditionally, a public good is one that is owned or provided by the State at all levels: central government, municipal or local, for example, through state enterprises, municipal, etc.. In general, all agencies that are members of the public sector.
- VAT is an indirect tax on consumption that is financed by the final consumer. An indirect tax is the tax that is not perceived by the tax directly from the tax. VAT is charged by the seller at the time of any commercial transaction
- Economic sustainability: is when the activity moves to the environmental and social sustainability is financially feasible and profitable
Hi Juana Mari, I'm sorry for being a bit late, I'll try to send them to you sooner next time, here my definitions of this unit !! :D
Macroeconomies. 1.The branch of economics concerned with aggregates, such as national income, consumption, and investment. Equity. 1. The state, quality, or ideal of being just, impartial, and fair. 2. Something that is just, impartial, and fair. Sustainability 1,the property of being sustainable 2. A basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class; "a study of the physical properties of atomic particles". Income. The amount of monetary or other returns, either earned or unearned, accruing over a given period of time. GDP. The measure of an economy adopted by the United States in 1991; the total market values of goods and services produced by workers and capital within a nation's borders during a given period (usually 1 year). Export. Goods (visible exports) or services (invisible exports) sold to a foreign country or countries. Black economy. That portion of the income of a nation that remains illegally undeclared either as a result of payment in kind or as a means of tax avoidance. National wealth. The value of all assets less all liabilities held within a country. Assets included in natural wealth calculations include technologies, natural resources, infrastructure and so forth. It is a way to measure a country's economy (and is especially useful in measuring a nation's ability to control debt), but it is not as commonly used as the gross domestic product. Taxation. Charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government. Subsidy. Money paid by a government etc to an industry etc that needs help, or to farmers etc to keep the price of their products low. Tax system. A legal system for assessing and collecting taxes. The collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order".
Antonio Pedemonte Fdez 1ºB Units 8-9 - Macroeconomics: Study of the economic systems of a nation, region, etc., as a set, using collective or global magnitudes, as the national revenue, the investments, exports and imports, etc. - Microeconomics: Study of the economy in relation with individual actions, of a buyer, of a manufacturer, of a company, etc. - Gross Domestic Product(GDP): The monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis. It includes all of private and public consumption, government outlays, investments and exports less imports that occur within a defined territory. - Exports: To ship (commodities) to other countries or places for sale, exchange, etc. - Imports: To bring in (merchandise, commodities, workers, etc.) from a foreign country for use, sale, processing, reexport, or services. - Consumption: It's the expense of the homes in goods and services with the exception of the purchases of new housings - Investment: The expense in the equipment of the capital, stock and structures, included the purchases of new housings on the part of the homes. - Nominal GDP: It's the monetary value of all the goods and services that produces a country or an economy to current prices in the year in which the goods are produced. - Real GDP: is defined as the monetary value of all goods and services produced by a country or an economy valued at constant prices, is valued at the prices of the year is taken as a basis or reference for comparisons - Amortization: To devalue from time to time the goods and possessions which value diminishes with the time or with the use. - Equity: Moderation in the price of the things, or in the conditions of the contracts. - Revenue: The amount of money that a company actually receives during a specific period, including discounts and deductions for returned merchandise. - Externalities: Activities that affect others for better or for worse, without these pay for them or are compensated. They exist externalities when the costs or the private benefits are not equal to the costs or the social benefits. - The Keynesian economy: The Keynesian economy centred on the analysis of the reasons and consequences of the variations of the added demand and his relations with the level of employment and of income. Keynes's final interest was to be able to provide to a few national or international institutions of power to control the economy in the epochs of recession or crisis. This control was exercised by means of the budget expenditure of the State, politics that was called a fiscal politics. - Neoliberalism: Neoliberalism is a contemporary political movement advocating economic liberalizations, free trade and open markets.
-1.Money: medium of exchange and payment generally accepted by society.
-2.Barter: direct exchange of goods and services without any intervention of money.
-3.Commodity money: it is used as a medium of exchange by society.
-4.Paper Money: certificate issued by a bank or goldsmith, to record that a person has made a deposit of gold and that gold may be changed at will.
-5.Fiat money: money that basa its value in the credit and confidence issues who deserves it.
-6.Liquidity of an asset: ease with which an asset can be converted into money available.
-7.Money supply: the amount of cash held by the public and bank deposits.
-8.Loans: Funds granted by banks to households or businesses.
-9.Cash ratio: percentage of deposits that banks must hold as reserves to legally comply with requests for money they can make their clients.
-10.Check: order addressed to our bank to pay an amount charged to our account.
-11.Type of interest: the price of money.
-12.Term: The longer the period in which they will return the money, will require higher interest rate.
- 13.Risk: to the extent that there is more risk that the borrowed money is not recovered for non-payment or late, will demand a higher interest rate.
- 14.Liquidity: The easier it is to recover the money paid, the lower rate of interest shall be required.
-15.Inflaccion: the continued and widespread rise in prices of an economy.
-16.Inflaccion Moderate slight increase in prices, down from 2% to 3%.
-17.Inflaccion rampant: rise above 10%.
-18.Hiperinflaccion: Prices rise over 100% in a year. It involves the loss of control of prices and the collapse of the monetary system.
-19.Value for money: the set of biens and services that can be purchased with money.
-20.Inflaccion demand: Rising prices caused by increased consumption.
-21.Inflaccion Cost: Increase in prices due to the increased cost of production factors.
-22.Inflation rate: measures the variation in a given time period.
- 23.Credit:assume that the bank makes available to the applicant an amount, which may be providing as needed, paying interest only for the quantities actually used.
-24.Banks: are private companies whose goal is making profits for their owners.
-25.Savings: are nonprofit entities that destinam their profits to a charitable-social.
-26.Credit cooperatives: owned by their depositors partners, who are the beneficiaries of their financial services.
-27.Financial intermediary: institution dedicated to attracting the money they save families to lend them to those in need, ensuring that all the savings of the economy to become investment.
-28.Debits: is an authorization to the bank to pay them and we owe ourselves later.
-29.Bank Transfer: allows a person to pay money to simply ordering our bank transferred the money from our account to the bank account of that person.
-30.Financial assets: are securities which constitute recognition of a liability by of the issuer and giving the holder the right to collect.
-31.Actions: equity securities representing each of the equal parts into which the capital of an SA and that give the holder the condition of an equity partner and the right to participate in the management of the company and its benefits.
-32.Government bonds: these are fixed income securities that represent each of the equal parts into which a loan. Both are issued by companies and public sector.
-33.Stock indices: they reflect the evolution in time of the prices of publicly traded securities.
Hello Juana Mari, I'm Ester Reyes this are my definitions of the didactic unit 6.
hyperinflation: prices go up over 100% each year is the loss of control of prices and the collapse of the monetary system
galloping inflation: 10% annual rise
inflation: continuous and widespread rise in prices demand-pull inflation: is the demand that occurs when more goods and Serbs which the companies can produce that causes prices to rise
cost inflation: a rise in prices due principalmete to the increased costs in production factors nominal variables :do not account for inflation
real variables: are those in which they have eliminated the effects of inflationmoney: medium of exchange and payment accepted by society
barter: exchange of goods and services without money and without its
commodity money: money that besides having value itself is used as a medium of exchange by members of a society
paper money: a certificate issued by a bank or a goldsmith who gives evidence that a person has made a deposit of gold that can be exchanged for gold when the owner required
fiat money: money value based on which credit and trust the person deserves it emits our account
Loans: Funds granted to banks and companies which family must repay the money within a specified period and pay interest
cash ratio: percentage of deposits that banks must be legally reserved for antender requests for money they can make their customers
value of money: it is their purchasing power is the set of goods and services available with him. if prices go down in value in proportion
moderate inflation: prices go below a 2 or 3% galloping inflation: 10% annual rise
Securities Market Act: establishes the legal framework for governing these markets national commission of the stock market: public body that ensures market transparency
Stock Indexes: reflect the time evolution of the prices of securities traded
IBEX35: is the most important index which includes daily evolution of the shares of the 35 companies that move more money on the continuous market
national savings is income in an economy that remains after paying in private consumption and public spending
Hello juana mari . I'M pablo Molina alvarez (1B) .here are my word of the didactic unit 6 . 1-Barter: direct Exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the money happens. 2-Money: We can define the money as the way of change and of payment generally accepted by the members of a company 3-money goods: A good that beside having a value if same, it is used as way of change the members of a company 4-Money paper: Certificate issued by a bank company to give witness of which a golden warehouse has been realized and that can be changed into hoop when this person or his owner it demands fiduciary Money. 5-monetary Offer: It is the quantity of money that circulates in an economy that is defined as the sum of the cash in mas of the public and the bank deposits 6- Liquidity of an asset: Ease with which an asset can be converted into money available 7-Check: Order addressed to our bank to pay an amount charged to our account the interest rate is defined as the price of a loan. It is ultimately the price of money 8-Inflation: A sustained rise in prices and widespread economic 9-Moderate inflation: Mild increase in prices of less than 2 or 3% 10-Runaway inflation: Rise above the 10% annual 11-hyperinflation: Prices rise over 100% in a year 12-value of money: It is your purchasing power, ie the set of goods and services is available with the. if prices rise the value of cash decreases by the same proportion 13-Inflation of demanad: Rising prices caused by increased consumption that is not accompanied by a greater supply of goods and services 14-Cost Inflation: Increase in prices due to the increased cost of production factors 15-Variambles ratings: do not take into account the effects of inflation 16-Real variables: those in which the effects of inflation have been deducted or eliminated 17-banks: are private companies aimed at obtaining their owners beneficion 18-Savings: are entidadees nonprofit that spend their profits to a charitable works - social 19-credit cooperatives. dispositantes member-owned, which are the beneficiaries of financial services 20-Financial intermediary: Intitucion dedicated to attracting the money they save to families to be given to those in need by ensuring 21-finacieros assets: are titles contituyen the reconocimentos value of a debt by qyuien the issues and giving the holder the right 22-Actions: equity securities representing each of the equal aprtes into which the capital of an SA that give the holder the condition of shareholder 23-Government bonds: These are fixed income securities represntan each of the equal parts into which a loan. Both companies are issued by the public sector 24-The equity indices: they reflect the evolution in time of the prices of securities traded 25-International trade consists of the itnercambio of goods and services between different countries 26-Free trade: Lack of barriers to trade in goods and services between countries 27-Protectionism: economic thought that considers the best thing for the industry of a country is to protect it from foreign competition 28-Trade deficit occurs when imports of goods from one country are higher than exports 29-ivnersion companies and funds. Sell shares to the public and use proceeds to buy a selection or portfolio of different types of stocks and bonds 30-Pension funds: gather the money contributed by active-entry workers in a periodic manner and invest it for profit 31-Insurance companies: customers economically cover all types of risks 32-Leasing entities: They finance the companies said they are in order encesitan equipment in the form of hire-purchase end 33-Factoring entities: They collect outstanding bills or believed to have the companies said on third parties, in exchange for remuneration 34-Venture capital: They provide capital to firms temporarily eprtenecen dynamic sectors of the economy 35-liquids of an asset: Ease with which an asset can be converted into money available
1 Money: medium of exchange and payment generally accepted by society. 2 Interest rate: price of money 3 Inflation: continued widespread rise in prices. 4 Financial system: its function is to connect and coordinate the financing offered to those who demand it. 5 Bank: private enterprises aimed at making profits for their owners. 6 Savings. Nonprofit entities that spend their profits to charity 7 Credit Unions: belong to their depositor’s partners, who are benefiting from financial services. 8 Insurance Companies: cover economically customers of all types of risk and its funding to pay fees from customers. 9 Leasing companies: They finance companies goods leaving them in the form of hire-purchase. 10 Business factoring invoices and loscréditos They charge that the companies have on third parties in exchange for payment. 11 Financial assets: titles constitute recognition of a debt by whom the emitted and which give the holder the right to collect. 12 Stock market: market specializes in the sale of all kinds of titles and whose function is to channel savings into investment. 13 National Commission on Securities Market: An organism that ensures transparency of market, the correct formation of prices that are negotiated and the protection of investors involved. 14 Stock market index: reflects the time evolution of the prices of securities traded. 15 International trade: the exchange of goods and services between countries. 16 Tariff: Tax on imports of goods from other countries 17 Quotas and contingents: Limitations on the number of goods can be imported from certain products. 18 Measures having equivalent effect: Imposition of barriers through bureaucratic processes. 19 Dumping: Companies sell products bearing losses to eliminate competition. 20 Supports: incentive fund provided by the government 21 Protectionism: economic thought that considers the best thing for the industry of a country is to protect competition to hinder the importation of foreign products 22 FTA: reducing barriers among member countries, but remain tariffs to third countries. 23 Customs Union: In addition to removing the barriers between all States ntegrantes, establishing a single tariff on products from third countries 24 Monetary Union: it decided to establish a single currency, which implies a single economic policy and a central bank for the whole area. 25 Common Market: occurs when a customs union is decided to liberalize the movement of goods and services, factors of production among member countries 26 Economic Union: countries coordinate their economic systems and create institutions to develop economic policy. 27 Convergence Plan of the European Union: a plan by which the candidate countries join the euro zone must undertake to fulfill the commitments of budgetary stability hen joins the single currency 28 EAFRD: fund for all actions seeking rural development in disadvantaged areas. 29 ERDF: fund that finances actions related to the objectives of convergence, regional competitiveness and employment and territorial cooperation. 30 Globalization: the phenomenon of open economies and the boundaries arose as a result of trade, capital movements, the circulation of people and ideas, dissemination of information, knowledge or techniques etc..
I am marta novas rios 1ºb, I published the definitions in U.D4
1_The interest rate (or interest rate) is the rate at which capital is invested in a unit of time, determining what is referred to as "the price of money in the financial market."
2_Globalization is an economic, technological, social and cultural scale, which consists of increasing communication and interdependence among countries in the world by unifying its markets, societies and cultures, through a series of social, economic and political that give a global character.
3_Money (from the Latin denarius or penny, Roman coin) are all common medium of exchange and generally accepted by a society that is used to pay for goods (goods), services, and any obligations (debts)
4_stocks is an aliquot of the capital of a corporation. Represents the property that a person has a part of that society, which provides economic and political rights of the owner (shareholder) and the right to a share of profits and voting at shareholders' meetings.
5_Is defined as international trade or global trade in goods, products and services between two or more countries or economic regions.
6_Factoring involves the transfer of credits generated by our business customers, so that from that moment is the factoring company who is responsible for putting into service the credit and cash it in the manner and time established between our company and our client.
7_Inflation, in economics, is the general increase in prices of goods and services related to currency held for a period of time.
8_Saving is the difference between disposable income and consumption made by a person, business, public administration, among others. Likewise, saving is the income that is consumed or complementary part of the expense.
9_Currency, the Latin motto, the split-split verb, refers to all the currency used in a region or country outside their home. Currencies fluctuate each other within the global money market.
10_Leasing is a process by which a firm can obtain the use of a certain fixed assets for which it must pay a series of contractual, periodic, tax deductible payments.
11_In economics, "dumping" can refer to any type of predatory pricing
12_A bank is a financial company in charge of raising funds in the form of deposits and lending money, and the provision of financial services.
Hi Juana Mari ! I'm Ana Carmen Bruzón :D I'm in the class 1ºB and here there are my definitions.
Investor. Neither a speculator (who takes on high risks for high rewards) nor a gambler (who takes on the risk of total loss for out of proportion rewards) but one whose primary objectives are preservation of the original investment (the principal), a steady income, and capital appreciation.
Savings. The portion of disposable income not spent on consumption of consumer goods but accumulated or invested directly in capital equipment or in paying off a home mortgage, or indirectly through purchase of securities.
Credit union. Financial cooperative created for and by its members who are its depositors, borrowers, and shareholders. Operated on non-profit basis, credit unions offer many banking services, such as consumer and commercial loans (usually at lower than market interest rates), time deposits (usually at higher than market interest rates), credit cards, and guaranties.
Insurance company. A business that provides coverage, in the form of compensation resulting from loss, damages, injury, treatment or hardship in exchange for premium payments. The company calculates the risk of occurrence then determines the cost to replace (pay for) the loss to determine the premium amount.
Liability. A claim against the assets, or legal obligations of a person or organization, arising out of past or current transactions or actions. Liabilities require mandatory transfer of assets, or provision of services, at specified dates or in determinable future.
Investment fund. A capital accounting classification within a company's records for an account that is reserved for investment in capital assets or business acquisitions.
Pension fund. Pooled-contributions from pension plans set up by employers, unions, or other organizations to provide for the employees' or members' retirement benefits.
Stock exchange. Organized and regulated financial market where securities (bonds, notes, shares) are bought and sold at prices governed by the forces of demand and supply.
Stock exchange. Organized and regulated financial market where securities (bonds, notes, shares) are bought and sold at prices governed by the forces of demand and supply.
Venture capital. Startup or growth equity capital or loan capital provided by private investors (the venture capitalists) or specialized financial institutions (development finance houses or venture capital firms).
Globalization. The worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration. Globalization implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers.
Bond. A written and signed promise to pay a certain sum of money on a certain date, or on fulfillment of a specified condition. All documented contracts and loan agreements are bonds
Hola, soy Diego Repiso de 1ºB , hay te dejo 18 definiciones :) 1-Barter: direct exchange of goods and services without the intervention of money 2 Money: We define the form of money as the payment change and generally accepted by members of a society 3-way exchange of money: a good that besides having a value if it is used as a way to change the members of a society. 4-The paper money: Certificate issued by a bank company to testify that a store has been realized gold and that gold may change when this person or their own money required 5-inflation: continuous and widespread rise in an economy price 6 - Moderate inflation: price increases below 2 or 3% 7 - runaway inflation: rising 10% annually. 8 - hyperinflation prices rise more than 100%, people lose control of prices and entrench people to barter 9 - stock index: it reflects the time evolution of the prices of traded securities. 10 - International trade: the exchange of goods and services between countries 11 - IBEX35: it is the most important index, which includes the daily evolution of the shares of 35 companies that move more money in the continuous market on national saving is the income in an economy that remains after the payment of private consumption expenditure public 12 - Globalization: the phenomenon of open economies and boundaries emerged as a result of trade, capital movements, the movement of people and ideas, dissemination of information, knowledge or techniques, etc. 13 - investment companies and funds: Selling shares to the public and use the proceeds to buy a selection or portfolio of different types of stocks and bonds 14 - pension funds, raise the money contributed by active workers who come periodically and invest it for profit 15-insurers: clients cover all types of economic risks 16-leasing entities: They finance the companies said they are in the equipment needed in the form of lease-end purchase 17 - factoring companies: collect outstanding accounts or believed that companies have said the third parties in exchange for payment. 18 - Stock Market: Market specializes in selling all kinds of titles and whose function is to channel savings into investment
Hi Juana Mari, I'm Ana Carmen Bruzón and these are my definitions :D
International trade. The exchange of goods or services along international borders. This type of trade allows for a greater competition and more competitive pricing in the market. The competition results in more affordable products for the consumer.
Quote. Limitation on the quantity that must not be exceeded, such as an import quota.
Tariff. 1. General: Published list of fares, freight charges, prices, rates, etc. 2. Foreign trade: Popular term for import tariff and import tariff schedule.
Dumping. Exporting goods at prices lower than the home-market prices. In price-to-price dumping, the exporter uses higher home-prices to supplement the reduced revenue from lower export prices.
Primary market. Market in which buyers and sellers negotiate and transact business directly, without any intermediary such as resellers.
Hiperinflación. Ruinously high increase (50 percent or more per month) in prices due to the near total collapse of a country's monetary system, rendering its currency almost worthless as a medium of exchange.
Subsidy. Economic benefit (such as a tax allowance or duty rebate) or financial aid (such as a cash grant or soft loan) provided by a government to support a desirable activity (such as exports), keep prices of staples low, maintain the income of the producers of critical or strategic products, maintain employment levels, or induce investment to reduce unemployment.
Nominal price. Estimated price of an item that may bear little or no relation to its market price, and which is quoted to initiate a negotiation or transaction.
Lender. Entity that advances cash to a borrower for a stated period and for a fixed or variable rate of interest, with or without a security other than the borrower's signatures. See also secured lender.
Borger. An individual, organization or company that is using funds, materials or services on credit. See also borrow, lender, loan.
Monetary policy. Economic strategy chosen by a government in deciding expansion or contraction in the country's money-supply.
Hi! I'm Alegría, and I'll write some definitions: -Barter: direct exchange of goods and services without any intervention of money -fiat money: money that basa its value in the credit and confidence -inflation: continuous rise of prices, with dire consequences to the economy -FI: institution dedicated to attracting the money they save to lend to families who need it -actions: equity securities representing each of the equal parts which divides the capital of an SA. -Check: order addressed to our bank to pay an amount charged to our account. -interest rate: the price of a loan, ultimately the price of money -moderate inflation: slight increase in prices, less than 2 or 3% -runaway inflation: price increases above 10% -cost inflation: higher prices due to increased cost of production factors -financial assets: are titles of value is the recognition of a debt by one who gives and gives holder the right to assume their collection -securities market: a market specializing in the sale of all types of securities and savings channeled
Hello!! I'm Carmen Salguero, Here is my definitions: -barter: Direct exchange of goods and services without any intervention of money - Fiat money: Money basa its value in the credit and confidence issues who deserves - Money merchandise: A well that in addition to gener value itself is used as a medium of exchange by members of a society - Loans: Funds granted by banks to households or businesses. The Parties undertake to repay the money within a specified period and pay interest for its use - Check: Order addressed to our bank to pay an amount charged to our account - Value of money: It is his ability conjuunto adquisita ie goods and services that can be purchased with it. If prices rise the value of cash decreases by the same proportion - Inflation of demand: price increases caused mainly by increased consumption that is not accompanied by a greater supply of goods and services - Inflation cost: price increases, mainly due to the increased cost of production factors - Financial intermediary: Institution dedicated to attracting the money they save to lend to families who need it, ensuring that all the savings of the economy to become investment - Financial system to contact and coordinate the financing offered to those who demand - Actions: equity title representing each of the equal parts into which a capital of SA and that give the holder the condition of an equity partner and the right to participate in the management of the company and its benefits. - Government bonds: These are fixed income securities representing a party casda match into which a loan. Both are issued by companies and public sector - continuous trading of shares: shares hiring system that works uninterruptedly through informatic media, which are connected the four Spanish stock exchanges - Indexes: There are those that reflect the evolution in time of the prices of securities traded - Stock Market: Market specializes in selling all kinds of titles and whose function is to channel savings into investment - nominal interest rate: is published that shows up is the return that we offer for our cost savings or borrow money - real interest rate: the nominal interest rate corrected to take account of inflation - Euribor is the type of interest applied to loans between euro area banks - International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries - Free trade: no barriers to trade in goods and services between countries - Trade deficit occurs when imports of goods from one country are higher than exports - exchange rate: the price of one currency against another -`public Deficit: This occurs when public expenditures are higher than income in a given period - regional integration process: it is between two or more states in order to achieve a common action plan on economic aspects of political, cultural, social, etc. -Globalization: feonomeno opening of economies and borders that arose as a result of increased trade, cultural movements, etc. - dumping: measure by which a company sells its products at a loss to eliminate competition. - Tariff: tax on imported goods from another country. - real variables: those in which the effects of inflation have been deducted or eliminated. - nominal variables do not take into account the effects of inflation. - inflation rates, which measure the variation of prices in a given period
Hi Juana Mari, I'm Daniel Alfaro Morales 1ºB 1paper money: a certificate issued by a bank or a goldsmith who gives evidence that a person has made a deposit of gold that can be exchanged for gold when the owner required 2fiat money: money value based on which credit and trust the person deserves it emits our account 3Loans: Funds granted to banks and companies which family must repay the money within a specified period and pay interest 4Money: We can define the money as the way of change and of payment generally accepted by the members of a company 5monetary Offer: It is the quantity of money that circulates in an economy that is defined as the sum of the cash in mas of the public and the bank deposits 6Inflation: A sustained rise in prices and widespread economic 7Moderate inflation: Mild increase in prices of less than 2 or 3% 8Runaway inflation: Rise above the 10% annual 9hyperinflation: Prices rise over 100% in a year 10banks: are private companies aimed at obtaining their owners beneficion 11Tariff: Tax on imports of goods from other countries 12Protectionism: economic thought that considers the best thing for the industry of a country is to protect competition to hinder the importation of foreign products 13 FTA: reducing barriers among member countries, but remain tariffs to third countries. 14Monetary Union: it decided to establish a single currency, which implies a single economic policy and a central bank for the whole area. 15Dumping: Companies sell products bearing losses to eliminate competition. 16Globalization: the phenomenon of open economies and the boundaries arose as a result of trade, capital movements. 17Liability. A claim against the assets, or legal obligations of a person or organization, arising out of past or current transactions or actions. Liabilities require mandatory transfer of assets, or provision of services, at specified dates or in determinable future. 18Pension fund. Pooled-contributions from pension plans set up by employers, unions, or other organizations to provide for the employees' or members' retirement benefits 19Bond. A written and signed promise to pay a certain sum of money on a certain date, or on fulfillment of a specified condition. All documented contracts and loan agreements are bonds 20inversion companies and funds. Sell shares to the public and use proceeds to buy a selection or portfolio of different types of stocks and bonds 21Pension funds: gather the money contributed by active-entry workers in a periodic manner and invest it for profit 22Stock exchange. Organized and regulated financial market where securities (bonds, notes, shares) are bought and sold at prices governed by the forces of demand and supply 23Venture capital. Startup or growth equity capital or loan capital provided by private investors (the venture capitalists) or specialized financial institutions (development finance houses or venture capital firms). 24monetary Offer: It is the quantity of money that circulates in an economy that is defined as the sum of the cash in mas of the public and the bank deposits 25Real variables: those in which the effects of inflation have been deducted or eliminated 26credit cooperatives. dispositantes member-owned, which are the beneficiaries of financial services. 27Government bonds: These are fixed income securities represntan each of the equal parts into which a loan. Both companies are issued by the public sector
- Economía: Effective and reasonable administration of the goods.
ResponderEliminar- Microeconomía: Study of the economy in relation with individual actions, of a buyer, of a manufacturer, of a company, etc.
- Salario: He pays or regular remuneration.
- Precios: Pecuniary value in which it is estimated a little.
- Equidad: Moderation in the price of the things, or in the conditions of the contracts.
- Renta: Usefulness or benefit that produces anually something, or what of it one receives.
- Empleo: Action and effect of working.
- Bienes: The reality that possesses a positive value and for it it is estimable.
- Servicios: Speaking about benefits or ecclesiastic prebends, residence and personal assistance.
Mariana Ruz García Nº30
ResponderEliminar-Gross Domestic Product(GDP)is the market value of all final goods and sevicios produced in a country during a period.
-Macroeconomics: part of economics that studies the economic problems of a country from an aggregate or overall persperctiva.
-Personal disposable income is income that finally gets the whole family from a country that is available to consume or save.
-Market failures: situation in which the market does not make efficient use of available resources.
-Externalities: external effects produced by the activity of a company or a consumer that affect others.
-Pure public goods: types of goods whose consumption can not exclude any person.
-National wealth: is the set of natural or manufactured, can meet the current and future needs that inhabitants of a country at a given time.
ResponderEliminar-Personal disposable income: the income is finally receiving all households in a country and is available to consume or save.
-Gross domestic product: is the market value of all final goods and services produced by a country during a given time.
-Amortization: amounts deducted from profits to cover losses or wear the product value in a company.
-Human capital consists of the active population of a country along with theirlevel of qualification.
-Capital goods: a set of goods used to produce other goods.
-Market failures: the situation where the market does not make efficient use of available resources.
-Tax system: procedures and rules by which individuals and companies help finance public spending.
-Pure public goods: type of goods whose consumption is indivisible and can not exclude anyone for what they have to be offered by the public sector and any company is interested in producing them unable to take their toll.
· TAX: The tax is a kind of tribute governed by public law. It is characterized by not requiring a fee directly or determined by the administration Inland Revenue (tax creditor).
ResponderEliminar· MONEY: is a common medium of exchange and generally accepted by society that is used for payment of goods, services, and any obligations.
· CONSUMPTION: is the action and effect of consumption or expenditure, whether products, and other kinds of short-lived, or goods and services, such as energy, meaning consumed as a result of using these products and services to meet primary and secondary needs . Mass consumption has given rise to consumerism and the so-called consumer society.
·BARTER: barter is the exchange of some objects or other services for other ones, and it differs from the usual sale because it is not used any money at all. In order for the exchange among individuals,the institution of private property must exist before.
Rocío del Río Arce, Nº7
ResponderEliminarTHE BASIC PROBLEM OF THE ECONOMY:
*Goods: things that are considered adequate to meet human needs.
*The opportunity cost: (of something) is that to which one must give to get.
*Marginal analysis: it assumes that people make the decisions weighing the additional benefits against the additional costs at the time we chose.
PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES
*Production factors: the resources needed to produce goods and services.
*Productivity: is the relationship established between the goods and services produced and the factors used in their derivation.
*Economic growth: reflecting the increase in total production of a country and can be achieved in two ways, by increasing the number of factors of production and by improving productivity.
AGENTS AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
*Companies: are the economic agents whose basic function is to produce goods and services that society demands.
*Economic system: it is the way a society organizes itself to solve basic economic problems: what to produce, how and for whom.
*Mixed economy systems: combining the virtues of the market with government intervention and correct their mistakes.
THE COMPANY AND ITS FUNCTIONS
*The added value of an enterprise is the difference between the value of goods produced and the cost of raw materials used paar their production.
*Technical efficiency: when you get the maximum production with few resources given.
*Economic efficiency: when you get the maximum production with minimum cost.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND
* Market: means by which people come into contact or who wish to acquire a certain others who want to sell.
* Request: Indicates how much of a good or service that would be willing to buy consumers each price level.
* Offer: indicates how much of a good or service would be willing to sell the producers at every level of prices, considering their cost of production and business expectations.
MARKET MODELS
* Competition: Rivalry among several companies trying to sell the same kind of goods or services to the plaintiffs in that market.
* Perfect competition is a type of market in which there are many small firms producing a single differentiated product so that none of the producers can influence the price at which it sells its product.
* Oligopoly: A type of market where entry barriers are high and has a number of small businesses.
LABOUR MARKET AND EMPLOYMENT
*The job: The contribution is both physical and intellectual that makes the human being to contribute to the production of goods and services.
*Human capital formation and experience of a person, company or a country is its human capital.
*Unions: workers'organizations seeking to improve working conditions for its members.
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
* Macroeconomics: The part of economics that studies the economic problems of a country priority from an aggregate or overall perspective.
* The gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all goods and services produced by a country durantre a certain period of time.
* Amortization: a measure of the loss or depreciation in value of productive capital for their participation in production for a given period.
STATE INTERVENTION IN THE ECONOMY
* Market failures: situation in which the market does not make efficient use of available resources.
* Sustainability: to ensure growth that meets the needs of the present without compromising the development of future generations.
* The foreign policy: from the state also can influence the foreign relations of trade policy measures.
THE BALANCE AND CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY
* Power consumption: is the expenditure by households on goods and services in a period.
* Type of interest: prestamo.Suele price expressed as a percent per annum on the amount borrowed.
* The economic investment, involving the acquisition of productive assets in order to produce other goods.
Hello Juana Mari!!
ResponderEliminarI am Irene, here i lend the conceps:
Unit ten:
Interest rate: loan rates. Usually expressed in per cent per annum on the amount borrowed.
Economic investments: They assume the acquisition of capital goods to produce other goods.
Aggregate supply: It is the total amount of goods and services that businesses of a country are willing to produce and sell at different prices.
Unit eleven:
Public debt: It reflects the balance at any given time should the state as consecuciencia deficit from previous years. Also used to refer to a way to get finanzación by the state or other public authorities mdiant issuance of securities.
Purpose of taxes: Finance goods and services provided by the public sector. Redistribute income and wealth. Restrict or divert or consumption expenditure is estimated that harmful to the health of people or society, such as excise duty on snuff and alcohol or environmental taxes.
Taxes: Taxes are paid for the use of a good service provided by the Administration.
Unit twelve:
Money merchandise: It is a good that, besides having a value in itself, is used as a medium of exchange by members of a society.
Barter: Direct exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the money broker
The monetarists: They believe that demand inflaccion is due to the excessive creation of money. If money grows more than the goods produced by the economy, people have more money to comprarpor what they can pay higher prices for them. This is one way of interpretation of the excess demand.
Hey Juana Mari, here I write you the concepts:
ResponderEliminarIt's MANUEL RAMIREZ
- CONSUMPTION: the total expenditure incurred by households on goods and services in a given time period. Includes both durable goods and nondurable goods.
-INTEREST RATE: the price of a loan. Usually expressed in per cent per annum on the amount borrowed.
-Investment returns: the ratio expressed in percentage between the yield and economic benefits of an investment and the capital invested.
-TAXES: are payments that are required by law without the taxpayer receives a specific benefit in return.
-PUBLIC DEBT: it reflects the balance at any given time should the State because of the deficit from previous years.
-RATES: are taxes that are paid for the use of a good or service offered by the Administration.
-PAPER MONEY: certificate issued by a bank or by a goldsmith to give evidence that a person has made a deposit of gold and that gold may be changed when the owner requires.
-INFLATION: is defined as a widespread and sustained rise in the price of an economy.
-VALUE OF MONEY: is their purchasing power, ie, the set of goods and services is available to him. If prices rise the value of money falls in the same proportion.
Hello Miss Juana Mari, my name´s Emilio Fernández Pérez. I'm sixteen years old and I study at La Salle Viña School.Here my conceps:
ResponderEliminar·INVESTMENT:Is the amount purchased per unit time of goods which are not consumed but are to be used for future production. Examples include railroad or factory construction. I
·CAPITAL:The manifestation of production, used to produce goods or services, that is not itself significantly consumed (though it may depreciate) in the production process.
·SAVING:Is income not spent, or deferred consumption. Methods of saving include putting money aside in a bank or pension plan.[1] Saving also includes reducing expenditures, such as recurring costs.
·INTEREST RATES:An interest rate is the rate at which interest is paid by a borrower for the use of money that they borrow from a lender.
·CREDIT:Credit is the trust which allows one part to provide resources to another part where that second part does not reimburse the first part immediately (thereby generating a debt ), but instead arranges either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date.
·SHARE:A joint stock company divides its capital into units of equal denomination. Each unit is called a share. These units are offered for sale to raise capital. This is termed as issuing shares. A person who buys share/shares of the company is called a shareholder, and by acquiring share or shares in the company becomes one of the owners of the company.
·BANK:Is generally a highly regulated industry, and government restrictions on financial activities by banks have varied over time and location.
Hello Juana Mari
ResponderEliminarI am Quito , your favorite student, I have 16 years and I like spaghetti, I live in Cadiz.
- Invest: Change, replacing them by their opponents, position, order or direction of things.
- Bank: Public Establishment for credit corporation incorporated in.
- Save: Reserve some part of recurrent expenditure.
- Bank teller: Part, site or unit stationed in the treasuries, banks and trading houses to receive or keep money or securities equivalent and to make payments.
- Inflaction: Trespass, breach of a law, agreement or treaty, or a moral standard, logical or doctrinal.
- Capital: Amount of money that is paid is imposed or allowed to roll over one or several farms, especially when it is of some importance.
- Profitable: That produces sufficient income or profit.
- Barter: Direct exchange of goods and services, without any intervention of money.
- Tax: Tribute is required depending on the economic capacity of the parties responsible for payment.
- Interest: Profit produced by capital.
- Money: all means of exchange is common and generally accepted by a society that is used to pay for goods.
ResponderEliminar- Currency: is a piece of a resilient material, usually in the form of stamped metal disc, which is used as a measure of change.
- Inflation: Marked increase in the price level with adverse effects on the economy of a country.
- Term: Each part of an amount payable in two or more times.
- Liquidity: Quality of assets a bank may be readily converted into cash.
- Produce: The one thing: Rent, interest yield, profit or annual profits.
- Credit: Amount of money, or something equivalent, that someone must a person or entity, and that the creditor is entitled to demand and collect.
- Actions: Each of the aliquots into which the capital of a corporation.
- Save: Save money and forecasting for future needs.
- Trade: Negotiating is buying and selling or swapping goods or merchandise.
- Product: Flow that comes from something that is sold, or that it pays off.
- Fee (arancel): Official rate that determines the rights that are payable in various fields, such as legal fees, customs, railways, etc.
- Fees (cuotas): Amount paid regularly associations, communities, social security, etc.
- Dumping: Commercial practice of selling below cost to own the market, with serious consequences to this.
- Balance: Comparative statement of the import and export of commercial items in a country.
- Surplus: In trade, the excess flow may or must or obligations on the box.
- Deficit: In trade, which is found by comparing the existing flow may or background or position in the company capital.
- Financial: Of or pertaining to public finance, the banking and securities issues or large commercial businesses.
- Account: A deposit of money in a bank.
I'm Nuria Romero Barragán nº18
ResponderEliminar-Tax: are payments that are required by law, without which the taxpayer receives a specific Benefil return.
-Barter: direct exchange of goods and services without the intervention of money mediate.
-Inflation: is defined as a pervasive and continuous rise in prices of the economy.
-Loan: Amount applied immediately, so you must pay interest on the transverse of the funds received.
-International trade: is exchange of goods and services between different countries.
-Money: medium of exchange and payment accepted by society geneal.
-Paper money: certificate issued by a bank to give evidence that a person has made a deposit of orro and can be exchanged for gold when the owner required.
-Banks: They are private companies whose objective is to obtain benedicios for their owners.
-Notes and bonds: are debt securities that represent each d equal parts into which a loan.
ROCIO DEL RIO , 1ºB Nº9
ResponderEliminar- Companies: are operators whose function is to produce goods and services that society demands.
- Technical efficiency: when maximum production is achieved with the resources we have.
- Market: means by which people can sell or buy goods.
- Factors of production: the resources needed to produce goods and services.
- Economic growth: You can see the increase in total production of a country and can be accomplished in two ways: increasing the number of factors of production and improving productivity.
- The economic system is the way a society organizes itself to solve the basic economic problems: what to produce, how and for whom.
Pablo Molina Álvarez n 21 1B
ResponderEliminarHi Teacher Juana Mari , I'm Pablitooo Molina and now I 'm going to put de concepts of the didactic unit 4.
1-usefulness of the goods:Capacity that they have to satisfy human needs
2-Technical efficiency:When the maximum production is obtained by a few given resources
3-Economic efficiency :When The maximum production is obtained with the minimum possible cost
4-Function of production : analyzes that it happens with the produced quantity when we increase someone of the productive facotres, keeping other factors constant
5- Income: It is the price of the number of sold units.
6 - Benefits: It is the difference between the income and the total costs.
7-Primary sector: they create usefulness when the products of the nature obtain Inclued agricultural and cattle companies
8-Secondary sector: they develop a productive activity on having transformed physically a few goods into more useful others for his use. For example the manufacturers
9 - Tertiary sector: they can gather in commercial and of services
10-individual entrepreneur or Sole proprietor : Autonomous that answers with all his goods of the debts of the company
11-corporate companies : They are constituted by several persons who by means of a contract bind to put jointly money, goods or work
12-collective partnership: The partners contribute the capital and work and answer unlimited the social debts
13- Company comanditaria : they have the same responsibility that in the collective one and the special partners
14- Companies of social interest: They are companies that for his aims and characteristics they enjoy helps and protection
15-Multinational companies: They are companies formed by a parent company that trusts in a series of subsidiaries that they handle in the countries different from the world and that they share same aims
Good these have been my concepts on the didactic unit 4
Good-bye, up to tomorrow
Hi Juana Mari, I'm Ana Carmen Bruzónn ! Here my concepts:
ResponderEliminar- Raw material
Basic substance in its natural, modified, or semi-processed state, used as an input to a production process for subsequent modification
or transformation into a finished good.
- Manpower
1. Total supply of personnel available or engaged for a specific job or task.
2. Total labor force of a nation, including both men and women. If there are more people than available jobs, it is called manpower surplus; if available people are fewer than jobs, it is called manpower deficit.
- Market
An actual or nominal place where forces of demand and supply operate, and where buyers and sellers interact (directly or through intermediaries) to trade goods, services, or contracts or instruments, for money or barter.
-Goods
A commodity, or a physical, tangible item that satisfies some human want or need, or something that people find useful or desirable and make an effort to acquire it. Goods that are scarce (are in limited supply in relation to demand) are called economic goods, whereas those whose supply is unlimited and that require neither payment nor effort to acquire, (such as air) are called free goods.'
-Cost
1.An amount that has to be paid or given up in order to get something.
2.In business, cost is usually a monetary valuation of effort, material, resources, time and utilities consumed, risks incurred, and opportunity forgone in production and delivery of a good or service.
-Entry
Record of a financial transaction in its appropriate book of account. See also journal entry.
-Benefit
Desirable attribute of a good or service, which a customer perceives he or she will get from purchasing. Whereas vendors sell features ("high speed drill bit with tungsten-carbide tip"), buyers seek the benefit.
Ana Carmen Bruzón, the other conceptsss
ResponderEliminar-Fixed cost
A periodic cost that remains more or less unchanged irrespective of the output level or sales revenue, such as depreciation, insurance, interest, rent, salaries, and wages.
While in practice, all costs vary over time and no cost is a purely fixed cost, the concept of fixed costs is necessary in short term cost accounting.
-Variable cost
A periodic cost that varies in step with the output or the sales revenue of a company.
Variable costs include raw material, energy usage, labor, distribution costs, etc.
-Breakeven point
Point in time (or in number of units sold) when forecasted revenue exactly equals the estimated total costs; where loss ends and profit begins to accumulate. This is the point at which a business, product, or project becomes financially viable.
-Supplier
A party that supplies goods or services. A supplier may be distinguished from a contractor or subcontractor, who commonly adds specialized input to deliverables. Also called vendor.
-Customer
1. A party that receives or consumes products (goods or services) and has the ability to choose between different products and suppliers.
2. Entity within a firm who establishes the requirement of a process (accounting, for example) and receives the output of that process (a financial statement, for example) from one or more internal or external suppliers.
-Technical efficiency
Situation where it is impossible for a firm to produce, with the given know how, a larger output from the same inputs or the same output with less of one or more inputs without increasing the amount of other inputs.
-Economic efficiency
The situation in which it is impossible to generate a larger welfare total from the available resources. In other words, the situation where some people cannot be made better-off by reallocating the resources or goods, without making others worse-off. It indicates that a balance between benefit and loss has been achieved. Also called allocative efficiency.
-Production function
A mathematical equation or graph that shows the relationship between physical inputs and physical outputs for a business. The production function for a business typically focuses on the physical and so does not take into account non physical aspects of production like prices.
Hello I'm Ester Reyes I've searched some terms of topic 4 which I think are important and they are ...
ResponderEliminar·Utility assets
Ability of (companies) to meet human needs
·Technical efficiency:
When maximum production is achieved with a given resources
·Economic efficiency:
When you get maximum production with minimum possible cost
·Benefits of an enterprise:
are the difference between the earnings of a company
·fixed costs:
Are those that a company has to pay regardless of their production
·Variable costs
are those that change according to production
·Pymes
pymes are the small and medium companies or
we can say too the companies that have between 50-250 workers
·suppliers: they are a group of people or companies that want to sell some goods or services
·applicants: are a group of people or companies that want to buy some goods or services
·public companies: those with capital and control is in state hands
·Private companies: those owned and controlled in the hands of private individuals
Rocío del Río Arce
ResponderEliminarTOPIC 6
1.Competition: rivalry among several firms that want to sell the same kind of goods or services to the plaintiffs in that market.
2.Perfect competition is a type of market in which there are many small companies that produce a single undifferentiated product.
3.Entry barriers: barriers that prevent or hinder a company to start a business.
4.Monopolistic competition: a market with many suppliers due to its low barriers to entry, selling differentiated products each.
5.Oligopoly market in which there is a small number of suppliers that produce a similar asset.
6.Cartel: formal agreement made several companies to achieve greater benefits from the joint price fixing.
7.Market share: share of global production of a sector that belongs to a company, product or brand.
8.Small oligopoly: duopoly (two companies).
9.Game theory: theory that studies the behavior of economic agents in situations of interdependence.
10.Tacit collusion: oligopoly situation in a given time without any agreement to mediate, the competing companies decide not to lower prices.
11.Monopoly: a market where one company controls all or most of the supply of a product.
12.collusive oligopoly: when bidders agree to set a single price, market share or limit the production of good.
Hey Juana Mari, I'm Laura Liberato, here I write you the concepts:
ResponderEliminar-Trust: A type of market in which there is only one supplier or multiple, but one of them controls almost all
-Legal monopoly: only when a state allows a company to offer a product
-Natural monopoly. are seeking a high fixed cost but a very low variable costs
-Tacit Collusion: Oligopoly in a given situation when no agreement to mediate competing firms decide not to lower prices
-Game theory: theory that studies the behavior of economic agents in situations of interdependence
-Oligopoly: market in which there are a limited number of suppliers that produce a similar good
-Poster: formal agreement made several firms operating in an oligopolistic market
-Market share: share of global output of a sector that belongs to a company
-Monopolistic Competition: a market with many suppliers due to its low barriers to entry
-Competition: rivalry among several firms that want to sell the same kind of goods or services
-Perfect Competition: type of market where a large number of supply and demand and no company influences its price
Good afternoon Juana Mari I am Ester I write here some definitions(topics6-7) :
ResponderEliminar1.market models:
used to better understand what happens in reality and anticipate what will happen in the future for poer foresee potential problems and the positive powers
2.Entry barriers to economic activity:
are obstacles that prevent or difiultan the development of economic activity in the market. it may be legal or financial.
3.Market equilibrium of perfect competition in the very long term:
It is the point where producers quilibrio manage to cover their costs but no benefits estraordinarios win.
4.Homogeneous product:
It is a product produced by firms is similar to others
5.Duopoly:
oligopoly is smaller, which is between two companies
6.Leading companies (oligopoly):
It is a company that has a higher percentage in the market cuta other, which decides prices and strategies .
7.Rate of activity:
is a percentage obtained by dividing the active population among the total population (over 16) per 100 muliplicado
8.Unemployment rate:
is a percentage obtained by dividing the unemployed population in the workforce by 100
9.Efficiency wages:
are a type of incentives that companies use to motivate employees and increase productivity
10.Bad deal for use:
is one of the causes of the causes of unemployment, which is that there are people multiempleadas or doing overtime and this prevents others from accessing the labor market
Hi Juana Mari, I'm Ana Carmen Bruzón. I think maybe I have not send you the definitions from units 6-7, so I write to you again :D
ResponderEliminar-Competition: 1. the act of competing; rivalry for supremacy, a prize, etc.
2. the rivalry offered by a competitor
-Oligopoly: the market condition that exists when there are few sellers, as a result of which they can greatly influence price and other market factors. Compare duopoly, monopoly.
-Monopoly: exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices. Compare duopoly, oligopoly.
-Cartel: an international syndicate, combine, or trust formed especially to regulate prices and output in some field of business.
-Market share: the specific percentage of total industry sales of a particular product achieved by a single company in a given period of time.
-Game theory: a mathematical theory that deals with strategies for maximizing gains and minimizing losses within prescribed constraints, as the rules of a card game: widely applied in the solution of various decision-making problems, as those of military strategy and business policy.
-Wages: 1. money that is paid or received for work or services, as by the hour, day, or week. Compare living wage, minimum wage.
2. the share of the products of industry received by labor for its work (as distinct from the share going to capital).
-Human capital: the abilities and skills of any individual, esp those acquired through investment in education and training, that enhance potential income earning.
-Trade unions: a labor union of craftspeople or workers in related crafts, as distinguished from general workers or a union including all workers in an industry.
-Employer: a person or business that employs one or more people, especially for wages or salary.
-Contract: 1. an agreement between two or more parties for the doing or not doing of something specified.
2. an agreement enforceable by law.
-Unemployment: 1. the state of being unemployed, especially involuntarily: Automation poses a threat of unemployment for many unskilled workers.
2. the number of persons who are unemployed.
Hi Juana Mari, I am Rocio del Rio Arce, 1ºB Nº9.
ResponderEliminarTopic 8-9
1.Macroeconomics: Study the most important economic problems a country from an aggregate perspective or set.
2.GDP: is the market value of all goods and services produced in a country for a while.
3.Amortization: a measure of the loss of value suffered by the productive capital for their participation in the production for a while.
4.cohesion funds: are EU aid for the financing of projects of member countries whose income level does not exceed 90% of the EU measure.
5.Structural Funds: are EU support for the financing of projects in the poorest regions.
6.Income: per capita income gives us an idea about the standard of living of a country does not mean that the situation of all citizens of this country is the same.
7.National wealth is the set of goods, natural or able to meet current or future residents have a country at any given time.
8.market failure: situation in which the market does not make efficient use of available resources.
9.economic cycles: are fluctuations in economic activity characterized by the expansion or contraction of production and employment in most economic sectors.
10.imperfect competition type of market in which one or more companies are powerful enough to influence the price and quantities of goods and services offered.
11.equity: people who are in similar circumstances should pay some taxes themselves, and those with greater well-being should pay more taxes.
12.Welfare State: conception that considers it the responsibility of the state to achieve full employment, education, health ...
Hello !!! I´m Sara Ortega Jiménez. I´m writing the concepts in here because I can´t release it any other way. Here they go:
ResponderEliminar-Financial asset: a financial asset is an intangible asset that derives value because of a contractual claim. Examples include bank deposits, bonds, and stocks. Financial assets are usually more liquid than tangible assets, such as land or real estate, and are traded on financial markets.
-Stock exchange: a stock exchange is a form of exchange which provides services for stock brokers and traders to trade stocks, bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. Securities traded on a stock exchange include shares issued by companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. To be able to trade a security on a certain stock exchange, it must be listed there.
- Balance sheet: In financial accounting, a balance sheet or statement of financial position is a summary of the financial balances of a sole proprietorship, a business partnership or a company. Assets, liabilities and ownership equity are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of its financial year.
- Financial statement: A financial statement (or financial report) is a formal record of the financial activities of a business, person, or other entity. In British English—including United Kingdom company law—a financial statement is often referred to as an account, although the term financial statement is also used, particularly by accountants.
- Return on equity: Return on equity (ROE) measures the rate of return on the ownership interest (shareholders' equity) of the common stock owners. It measures a firm's efficiency at generating profits from every unit of shareholders' equity (also known as net assets or assets minus liabilities). ROE shows how well a company uses investment funds to generate earnings growth.
- Leasing: leasing is a process by which a firm can obtain the use of a certain fixed assets for which it must pay a series of contractual, periodic, tax deductible payments.
- Factoring: factoring is a financial transaction whereby a business sells its accounts receivable to a third party (called a factor) at a discount.
- Amortization: amortization is the process of decreasing, or accounting for, an amount over a period.
- NPV (VAN): In finance, the net present value (NPV) or net present worth (NPW)of a time series of cash flows, both incoming and outgoing, is defined as the sum of the present values (PVs) of the individual cash flows of the same entity.
hello juana mari I´m DANI MARIN 2B
ResponderEliminar1 Amortization: The gradual elimination of a liability, such as a mortgage, in regular payments over a specified period of time. Such payments must be sufficient to cover both principal and interest.
2 Balance: A weighing device, especially one consisting of a rigid beam horizontally suspended by a low-friction support at its center, with identical weighing pans hung at either end, one of which holds an unknown weight while the effective weight in the other is increased by known amounts until the beam is level and motionless
3 Cash on hand: Money in the form of cash that a business has at a particular time.
4 Available capital: capital which is ready to be used
public companies: those with capital and control is in state hands
5 Private companies: those owned and controlled in the hands of private individuals
6Market share: share of global production of a sector that belongs to a company, product or brand.
7 economic cycles: are fluctuations in economic activity characterized by the expansion or contraction of production and employment in most economic sectors.
8 Bank:Is generally a highly regulated industry, and government restrictions on financial activities by banks have varied over time and location.
9 Equity: This consists of funds or resources of the company, ie the sum of capital plus the reserves that the company has generated
10 Van: The updated heat expected net returns of an investment. Is obtained as the difference between the payment and the present value of net cash flows generated by the investment.
11 Stocks: are the elements that are stored for sale or for use in the production process
12 Achievable: This consists of the right to charge that the company can convert (to do) in short-term money.
13 available: those which compose it is immediate provision of liquidity and represent the company's treasury.
14 Obligation: it is a title - value that represents an aliquot part of a debt contracted by the company
15 Liquidity: facility with which an assets can turn into money
16 Open market: A freely competitive market operating without restrictions
economic iversion: acquisition of capital goods (capital pruduct of the company) to produce other goods
17 Depreciation: is the loss of value of the goods of a company as consequence of his use.
18 Benefits: It is the difference between the income and the total costs.
19 Tertiary sector: they can gather in commercial and of services
20 Technical efficiency:When the maximum production is obtained by a few given resources
21 Human capital consists of the active population of a country along with theirlevel of qualification.
22 Capital goods: a set of goods used to produce other goods.
23 Economic efficiency: when you get the maximum production with minimum cost.
24 Factoring: factoring is a financial transaction whereby a business sells its accounts receivable to a third party (called a factor) at a discount.
Mariana Ruz Garcia Nº30 2ºB
ResponderEliminar-Finance investment is putting money into something with the expectation of gain, that upon thorough analysis, has a high degree of security for the principal amount
-Depreciation - the decrease in value of assets (fair value depreciation)
-Amortization (or amortisation) is the process of decreasing, or accounting for, an amount over a period.
-the balance sheet is an accounting document that reflects the heritage of the company
-Supplies - are items that are stored for sale or for use in the production process
-reserves - are the benefits to the company that are not distributed
-capital - is made up of contributions from partners
-pools of assets - set of assets and liabilities linked together by a common feature
-rights - amounts to us by the customers they have sold on credit
Nuria Romero Barragán nº28
ResponderEliminar1-Liability: a degree-value representing an aliquot of a debt owed by the company
2-financial-assets: are securities-value that constitute recognition of a liability by of the issuer and giving the holder the right to receive payment.
3-stock market: a market specializing in the sale of any class of securities whose function channeling savings into investment
4-Non-current assets: this consists of all assets and liabilities whose function is to ensure the life of the company, also called fixed assets.
5-Current Assets: The set of elements whose function is to ensure the cycle of exploitation of the company.
6-VAN: The updated heat expected net returns of an investment. Is obtained as the difference between the payment and the present value of net cash flows generated by the investment. The requirement for the investment interest is that its value is positive.
7-economic investment: acquisition of real production to produce other goods
8-Financial investment: Purchase of securities by an investor for the purpose of obtaining an income in the future.
9- The amortization: it is the expression of the depreciation, to amortize a good supposes quantifying his despreciacion.
10-Heritage: A set of assets, rights and obligations of the company in a given time and that is the financial and economic means through which he tries to achieve its objectives.
11-assets and liabilities: are the different assets, rights and obligations which form the heritage.
12-Liquidity: facility with which an assets can turn into money.
13-factoring company is in charge of collecting the receivables from other companies.
14-financial leasing: the company that needs a particular team goes to a company who purchases the good Lesing the manufacturer and leases it to the company.
15-Operational leasing: the arrendedor usually the manufacturer or supplier of the good that also takes care of maintenance and renewal if there is new models.
16-factoring: company is in charge of collecting the receivables from other companies.
17-Depreciation: loss of value of the assets of the company as a result of its use
18-balance situation: it is an accounting document that reflects the heritage of a company at one time.
capital: this consists of the contributions of the partners or owners of the company
19-Reservations: are the benefits to the company and not distributed permancen
20-capital: this consists of the contributions of the partners or owners of the company.
21-investment: means the use of financial funds to purchase goods production in order to increase the productive capacity of the company
I`m Quito.
ResponderEliminar1.Credit: Money that someone must a person and that the creditor is entitled to demand and collect.
2.Loans: Money that gives a financial institution with a future refund with interest.
3.Bank: A place where money is kept for different actions.
4.Factoring: Company that is responsible for collecting the rights of a company charges.
5.Obligations: Title-value that represents an aliquot of a debt owed by the company.
6.Provider: A person or company that supplies some needed items.
7.Finance: A set of activities related to banking issues.
8.Profitability: Ability to rent or produce sufficient benefit.
9.Risk: Proximity of harm or danger.
10.Liquidity: Quality financial capital to be readily converted into cash.
11.Market: Set of buyers of a product.
12.Values: Price, sum of money on something that is valued.
13.Offer: Quantity of goods or services offered on the market at a given price.
14.Demand: Order for goods or goods subject to payment of an amount determined.
15.Net present value: To calculate the present value of a number of future cash flows.
16.Internal rate of return: Is the discount rate that equates the present value of a bond with its market price.
17.Pay back: Is the period of time you need a company to recoup its investment with the quantities obtained by the realization of that investment.
18.Amortize: Recover or offset the funds invested in a company.
19.Current assets: The set of elements whose function is to ensure the cycle of exploitation of the company.
20.Non-current assets: All assets which secure the life of the company.
21.Equity: Capital contributed by the partners or owners of the company.
22.Current liabilities: Payment obligations that have to deal with the company within one year.
23.Non-current liabilities: Are debts maturing in more than a year.
24.Account: Deposit of money in a bank.
25.Balance: Confrontation of assets and liabilities to view the status of business
26.Capital: Production factor consisting of machinery that is used for the production of goods.
27.Reservations: Are the benefits to the company or distributed.
28.Machinery: Assembly of machines for a particular purpose.
29.Customer: A person who uses the services of a professional or company.
30.IRS("Hacienda"): Department of Public Administration who prepares the general budget
Hello JuanaMari :)!! I'm Lidia Castillo (Nº4) I write here my definitions of economics.I hope you have a happy weekend. Kisses :)
ResponderEliminar1.Loan: Amount of money requested, usually a financial institution, with the obligation to repay it with interest.
2.bank credit: Credit is a financial transaction in which a financial institution makes available an amount of money up to a limit specified in a contract for a period of time.
3.A financial asset: is a degree or simply a book entry on the title the buyer acquires the right to receive future income from the seller.
4.Investment:Training or net increase in capital. Investment (variable flow) of a certain period of time is given by the difference between capital (variable depth) existing at the end and the beginning of that period.
5.Financial investment: Seeks to increase investment and return on the money or retain their value.
6.Economic investment: acquisition of production assets to produce goods.
7.Depreciation: is the loss of value of the goods of a company as consequence of his use.
8.Pay back: is the period of time it takes the company to recover the amount invested. Is calculated by adding the successive cash flows up to equal the initial outlay.
9.Balance sheet: In financial accounting, a balance sheet or statement of financial position is a summary of the financial balances of a sole proprietorship, a business partnership or a company.
10.Sinking fund: Method of removing obligations in an orderly manner through the life of an obligation, either annually or semiannually, a company must set aside a sum of money equivalent to a certain percentage of the total.
11.Amortization: is a term economic and accounting, based on the distribution process at the time of lasting value. Also used as a synonym of depreciation in any of its methods.
12.Wealth: A set of assets, rights and obligations of the company in a given time, and that is the economic and financial means through which he tries to achieve its objectives.
13.Liabilities: debts incurred by the company for several reasons.
14.pools of assets: all assets and liabilities linked by some common characteristic.
15.The working capital is the part of current assets financed by long-term. This item, also called working capital, working capital or revolving fund that determines the financial capacity of the company for the long term.
16.Liquidity: facility with which an assets can turn into money.
17.Tangible assets (buildings, machinery). The assets included in this group should be assessed for their acquisition value, less any depreciation charged.
18.Inventories (raw materials, finished products, goods). These are valued at their acquisition price or production cost. The same problem arises when some stocks have different purchase prices.
19.Investments in securities (shares, bonds) are valued at acquisition value.
20.Raw materials: materials that by working or processing, are intended to form part of finished products.
21.Goods: Goods procured by the company and intended for sale without transformation.
22.Short-term financial investments: short-term investments in shares or other securities of companies.
23.Social capital: share capital in society that are of a commercial manner.
24.Capital: capital subscribed by an individual company.
Suppliers: debts with suppliers for purchase of goods with invoice.
25.Industrial property: amount paid by the ownership or the right to use patents and trademarks.
26.Long-term Investments: Equity investments in shares and other securities of companies other than the same group of companies.
27.Current liabilities to credit institutions: The owed to credit institutions and other debits borrowings with maturities not exceeding one year.
Victoria Marín Camcho nº19 1B
ResponderEliminarUnits 8-9.
1.Gross domestic product (GDP). It is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a certain period of time.
2.Personal disposable income (RPD), is the rent we finally get all the households in a country and available to consume or save.
3.Pure public goods, such goods whose consumption is indivisible and can not exclude anyone, so it must be offered by the public sector, as no company is interested in producing them, unable to take their toll.
4.Economic policy measures. To achieve the economic goals the State applies two types of economic policy: a short term, called cyclical policy and tries to stabilize the economy, and over the medium to long term, structural policy, which aims to create conditions favorable for the economic development of a country.
5.Fiscal policy, the state can increase a country's economic activity by increasing spending or cutting taxes.
6.Monetary policy, the central bank can regulate economic activity through setting interest rates or control of the amounts of money and circulation.
7.Foreign policy, since the state can influence foreign relations with trade policy measures, setting the price of the domestic currency relative to foreign currencies.
8.Incomes policy. When prices soar, the State may take measures to try to halt the rise of certain products.
9.Economic security. Protection against financial risks, such as banking crises.
10.Economic freedom. Consumers can decide how to spend their income the way they want.
11.Sustainability, ensuring growth that meets present needs without preventing future development.
12.Solidarity. Of those who work with those who are unemployed, some sectors of the economy with others, etc.
13.Cotizaciones sociales. Pagos que hacen empresas y trabajadores a la Seguridad Social y por los que se requiere un derecho a percibir determinadas prestaciones( enfermedad o accidentes).
14.Welfare state. Conception that considers it the responsibility of the State to achieve full employment, social security system covering the entire population, the generalization of basic education and health for all and ensuring a decent standard of living even the most disadvantaged.
15.Externalities. The activity of a company or a consumer of external effects which affect others. They tend to be positive for society (social benefits) and sometimes negative (social costs).
16.National wealth. Set of natural or manufactured, capable of meeting current and future needs, which the inhabitants of a country at any given time.
17.Capital goods producción.Constituye national or biene set used to produce other goods (factories, machinery, infrastructure, etc).
18.Human capital, consisting of the active population of a country, together with their level of qualification.
19.Natural resources are part ofthe wealth of a country because satrisfacen consumption requirements and / or production(coasts, rivers, forests).
20.National income. Is the sum of wages and salaries of employees, rent, interest on money lent lso, with corporate profits.
21.Amortization. A measure of the loss in value or depreciation suffered by the productive capital for their participation in production for a period of time.
Hello I am pablo molina alvarez n21 1B and write to him my words in English . A greeting my favorite teacher juana mari
Eliminar1Macroeconomics: Part of economics that studies the economic problems of a country prioritorios from an aggregate perspective or overall economy
2Growth: Growing creates jobs, improves living standards of the population will raise more taxes and the state is more likely to deliver better public services
3Gross domestic product: The market value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a certain period of time.
4Added value: the value produced by an enterprise less the value of the raw materials used
5Amortization: A measure of the loss suffered by the capital value produced by its use in production for a given period
6Personal disposable income: The income that finally gets all the families in a country which is available for consumption or saving
7Cohesion Funds: Are EU aid to finance projects of member countries whose income level does not exceed 90% of the EU measure
8Structural Funds: are EU aid for the financing of projects in the poorest regions of the territory of the european union
9The national wealth :is the set of goods, natural or able to meet current or future residents have a country at a particular time
10Consumer goods: are food, clothing, furniture, books
11Goods production: are the factories, maquinariao set of goods used to produce other goods
12Natural resources: the coasts, rivers, minerals, satisfying consumption needs and production
13Market failure: A situation in which the market does not make efficient use of available resources
14Economic cycles. Fluctuations in economic activity, characterized by the expansion or contraction of production and employment in most sectors of the economy
15Pure public goods: type of goods whose consumption can not exclude anyone, so it must be offered by the public sector as no company is interested in producing them, unable to take their toll
16Imperfect competition. Type of market in which one or more companies are powerful enough to influence the price and quantities of goods and services offered
17Equity: The principle according to which people who are in similar circumstances should pay some taxes and receive them the same type of benefits and people who enjoy greater well-being should pay more tax
18Fiscal policy. The state can increase economic activity from one country to increase public spending or reducing taxes
19monetary policy: Is the fixing of interest rates or control of the amount of money in circulation
20 foreign policy: influences on foreign relations with trade policy measures
21Sustainability: Ensure growth that meets the needs of present and future
22solidarity: those who work with those who are unemployed
23welfare state: conception that considers it the responsibility of the state to achieve full employment
24Social contributions: Payments to firms and workers make the social seguirdad
Hello Juana Mari !:) I´m Ester Reyes Padial 1ºB
ResponderEliminarunits 8-9
·Macroeconomics: Part of economics that studies the priority problems of a country from an aggregate perspective or set
·Microeconomics: studying the different forms of communication for businesses and households through the markets distintios leading to situations of balance or imbalance
·Sustainability: ensuring that economic activities of the present generation do not compromise future generations
·market for goods and services: place where businesses and families buy sell
·National product: You get through the productive effort by factors cial production by the domestic producer is obtained
·Method of value added is a way to get the GDP is the difference between the value of the output of a.
·PNB: refers to the production obtained by the factors of production of cloths though residing outside .
· Private consumption: part of the final goods consumed by households
· Investment: business spending on machinery, plant, equipment
· Public expenditure: refers to the spending of individual services bienesy public administrations
· Net exports: is the difference between exports minus exports
· Per capita income: national income among the population
· PIB(gpd) per capita: GDP between population
· Lorenz curve: shows the inequality of income
·national wealth = consumer + goods + production + human capital resources
Hi! I'm Ana Fuentes
ResponderEliminar- Marketing: it allows to the company to support the contact with the consumers and to verify his needs to produce the goods that satisfy them in such a way that beneficial exchanges are generated for both parts
- Marketing plan: I document in that after the corresponding analysis and I diagnose of the situation, the commercial aims are gathered
- Market: set of consumers who share the same need that estan ready to satisfy her and that have capacity ecnonomica for it
- The investigation of markets: it consists of the obtaining and the analysis of the information that the company needs to take his desiciones of marketing
- Primary information: it is information that the company compiles directly across his pripia investigation
- Marketing mix: it integrates and combines the decisions that the company must adopt brings over of the taxes of his products, the prices that it establishes for each of them, the distribution channel chosen them to bring over to the final client
- The product: it is all good or service that offers on the market to satisfy a need
- The brand: it is the name symbol or logo or a combination of them that he identifies the products of a company
- The price: it is the quantity of money that is paid for the acquisition of a product
- Preferential rate of subscription: it tries to compensate the loss of value of the action as consequence of a capital extension
- To amortize a good supposes quantifying his depreciation, is desir to reflect as a cost mas the part that has been consumed of the total value of the good during a period of time
- Obligation: it is a title - value that represents an aliquot part of a debt contracted by the company
- The stock market: it is a market specialized in the dealing all kinds of titles
- Rate hospitalizes of profitability of an investment: it represents the profit obtained by every Euro invested in a project
- Term of recovery of an investment: It is is the perido of time that is late the company in recovering the reversed quantity
- The amortization: it is the expression of the depreciation, to amortize a good supposes quantifying his depreciación.
- Masses pareimoniales: set of wealth assets tied between if for some characteristic common
- The balance sheet of situation: it is an accounting document that reflects the heritage of a company in a certain moment
- Liquidity: facility with which an assets can turn into money
Hi! I'm Ana Fuentes
ResponderEliminar- Short-term solvency: it is the capacidasd to face to the debts exigibles in the year
- Average period of ripeness: it is the time that the company is late, for term in recovering every Euro invested in his cycle of exploitation.
- Factoring: Financial transaction whereby a business job sells its accounts receivable to a third party at a discount in exchange for immediate money with which to finance continued business
- Leasing: Contract whereby, the landlord transferred the right to use a well in return for payment of income from lease for a specified period at the end of which the lessee has the option to buy the demised paying a fixed price, return or renew the contract.
- Stock market: Market in which are traded stocks allowing the channelling savings of investors
- Sale: The exchange of goods or services for an amount of money or its equivalent; the act of selling.
- Bank: A business establishment in which money is kept for saving or commercial purposes or is invested, supplied for loans, or exchanged.
- Budget: an itemized summary of expected income and expenditure of a country, company, etc., over a specified period, usually a financial year.
- Monopoly: A company or group having exclusive control over a commercial activity.
- Open market: A freely competitive market operating without restrictions.
- Bond: Finance a certificate of debt issued in order to raise funds. It carries a fixed rate of interest and is repayable with or without security at a specified future date.
- Middleman: an independent trader engaged in the distribution of goods from producer to consumer.
- Interest: a charge for the use of credit or borrowed money.
- Export: Shipment or sale of products within the country to another.
- Fixed costs: are business expenses that are not dependent on the level of goods or services.
Pilar Jiménez Blanco 1B
ResponderEliminartopics 8 and 9.
-macroeconomics : part of the economy that studies the economic problems of a country priority from an aggregate perspective or set
-microeconomic perspective: families and businesses relate to each other through different types of market
-Price stability: the analysis of the causes of inflation, as well as containment measures for.
-equity: it favors the redistribution of income consistent with the values of justice.
-GDP: The market value of ditch all final goods and services produced within a country over a longer period of time determiando.
-value: the value produced by a emnpresa less the value of raw materials utilizadas.Private consumption: part of the final goods consumed by families
-investment: business spending on buildings, machinery, plant ..
-public expenditure: includes expenditures on goods and services but of different public adminitraciones.
personal disposable income: Income is finally receive all the families in a country that is available to consume or save.
-Cohesion Fund: EU aid to finance their projects in member countries Nuvel income does not exceed 90% of the mean.
-Structural funds: aid to finance its projects in the poorest regions.
-national riquieza: the set of natural or produced capable of satisfascer needs.
-mixed economy: cmbinan market advantages in the research for efficiency.
-market failure: sitiaciñon in which the market does not make efficient use of available resources.
-externalities: when the activities of a company or a consumer external effects which affect others.
-negative externalities: when a person throws trash on the street or polluted, are the third party who paid it.
-positive externalities: some findings from other companies that benefit business and society in general.
-Pure public goods: all goods in which consumption is individual and can not exclude anyone.
-imperfect competition: type of market in which one or more undertakings are sufficient podersas to influence prices and quantities of goods and services.
-fiscal policy: the state can increase a country's economic activity by increasing public spending.
-moneitaria policy: the bank can regulate economic activity through the fijaciñon of interest rates.
-foreign policy: from the state can also influence relations with foreign trade policy measures.
-incomes policy: when prices soar.
-economic security: protection against economic risks
-economic freedoms: consumers can decide the cost of their rent.
-Sustainability: ensuring growth that meets the needs.
-Solidarity: working with those who are unemployed.
-efficiency: achieving maximum production gift available resources.
-social contributions: payments made by firms and workers to social security and so you acquire a right to benefits.
-Welfare State: conception that considers it the responsibility of the state to achieve full employment, education, health ...
-Function of production : analyzes that it happens with the produced quantity when we increase someone of the productive facotres, keeping other factors constant
hello juana mari, I'm Marta Novas Rios
ResponderEliminar- Macroeconomics: part of economics that studies the economic priorities of a country from an aggregate perspective or set.
- Amortization: A measure of the loss in value or depreciation suffered by the productive capital for their participation in production for a given period.
- Personal disposable income: Is the rent we finally get all the families in a country which is desponible to consume or save.
- Cohesion funds: EU aid is to finance projects in member countries whose income level does not exceed 90% of the average EU.
- National wealth: Is the set of goods, natural or able to meet current or future needs, which the inhabitants of a country at any given time.
- Market failures: Situation in which a market does not make efficient use of available resources.
- Economic cycles: Fluctuations in economic activity, characterized by expansion or contraction of production and employment in most sectors of the economy.
- Pure public goods: Type of goods whose consumption is invisible and can not exclude anyone, so it must be offered by the public sector, as no company is interested in producing them, unable to take their toll.
- perfect competition: Type of market in which one or more companies are powerful enough to be able to influence the price and quantities of goods and services offered.
Hi Juana Mari! I am Alegría García Romero 1B, I'm sorry for being late (After the exam)... But here my definitions! :)
ResponderEliminar- Depreciation rates: according to the concepts of economy, today we will talk about a term used quite frequently and therefore of vital importance in financial literacy: amortization.
Interestingly, the word has two meanings almost opposite, depending on if used on an asset or a liability. When we speak of redemption of a liability we are talking of amortizing a loan or a mortgage, for example, and this meaning is used more in day to day. But when we talk about depreciation of an asset usually talk about the depreciation of an asset previously acquired.
- The underground economy: it refers to all economic activity beyond the control of the treasury. You can be legally (because legal economic activities but not taxed, as is the case of prostitution in the Netherlands, or activities that are taxed even get a lower payment means legally, as loopholes) or illegal. This type of economy is a measure of the GDP of a country, and that is not upwelled.
- The national income:(also known as national income) is an economic size, which is composed of all income received by all national productive factors in a given year, minus all intermediate goods and services that have been used to produce them. It is a valuable tool to analyze the results of the economic process, which specifically measures the amount of goods and services that are arranged in the country for a year.
- Public goods: Traditionally, a public good is one that is owned or provided by the State at all levels: central government, municipal or local, for example, through state enterprises, municipal, etc.. In general, all agencies that are members of the public sector.
- VAT is an indirect tax on consumption that is financed by the final consumer. An indirect tax is the tax that is not perceived by the tax directly from the tax. VAT is charged by the seller at the time of any commercial transaction
- Economic sustainability: is when the activity moves to the environmental and social sustainability is financially feasible and profitable
Hi Juana Mari, I'm sorry for being a bit late, I'll try to send them to you sooner next time, here my definitions of this unit !! :D
ResponderEliminarMacroeconomies.
1.The branch of economics concerned with aggregates, such as national income, consumption, and investment.
Equity.
1. The state, quality, or ideal of being just, impartial, and fair.
2. Something that is just, impartial, and fair.
Sustainability
1,the property of being sustainable
2. A basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class; "a study of the physical properties of atomic particles".
Income.
The amount of monetary or other returns, either earned or unearned, accruing over a given period of time.
GDP.
The measure of an economy adopted by the United States in 1991; the total market values of goods and services produced by workers and capital within a nation's borders during a given period (usually 1 year).
Export.
Goods (visible exports) or services (invisible exports) sold to a foreign country or countries.
Black economy.
That portion of the income of a nation that remains illegally undeclared either as a result of payment in kind or as a means of tax avoidance.
National wealth.
The value of all assets less all liabilities held within a country. Assets included in natural wealth calculations include technologies, natural resources, infrastructure and so forth. It is a way to measure a country's economy (and is especially useful in measuring a nation's ability to control debt), but it is not as commonly used as the gross domestic product.
Taxation.
Charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government.
Subsidy.
Money paid by a government etc to an industry etc that needs help, or to farmers etc to keep the price of their products low.
Tax system.
A legal system for assessing and collecting taxes.
The collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order".
Antonio Pedemonte Fdez 1ºB
ResponderEliminarUnits 8-9
- Macroeconomics: Study of the economic systems of a nation, region, etc., as a set, using collective or global magnitudes, as the national revenue, the investments, exports and imports, etc.
- Microeconomics: Study of the economy in relation with individual actions, of a buyer, of a manufacturer, of a company, etc.
- Gross Domestic Product(GDP): The monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis. It includes all of private and public consumption, government outlays, investments and exports less imports that occur within a defined territory.
- Exports: To ship (commodities) to other countries or places for sale, exchange, etc.
- Imports: To bring in (merchandise, commodities, workers, etc.) from a foreign country for use, sale, processing, reexport, or services.
- Consumption: It's the expense of the homes in goods and services with the exception of the purchases of new housings
- Investment: The expense in the equipment of the capital, stock and structures, included the purchases of new housings on the part of the homes.
- Nominal GDP: It's the monetary value of all the goods and services that produces a country or an economy to current prices in the year in which the goods are produced.
- Real GDP: is defined as the monetary value of all goods and services produced by a country or an economy valued at constant prices, is valued at the prices of the year is taken as a basis or reference for comparisons
- Amortization: To devalue from time to time the goods and possessions which value diminishes with the time or with the use.
- Equity: Moderation in the price of the things, or in the conditions of the contracts.
- Revenue: The amount of money that a company actually receives during a specific period, including discounts and deductions for returned merchandise.
- Externalities: Activities that affect others for better or for worse, without these pay for them or are compensated. They exist externalities when the costs or the private benefits are not equal to the costs or the social benefits.
- The Keynesian economy: The Keynesian economy centred on the analysis of the reasons and consequences of the variations of the added demand and his relations with the level of employment and of income. Keynes's final interest was to be able to provide to a few national or international institutions of power to control the economy in the epochs of recession or crisis. This control was exercised by means of the budget expenditure of the State, politics that was called a fiscal politics.
- Neoliberalism: Neoliberalism is a contemporary political movement advocating economic liberalizations, free trade and open markets.
Victoria Marín Camacho; nº 19. 1ºB.
ResponderEliminar-1.Money: medium of exchange and payment generally accepted by society.
-2.Barter: direct exchange of goods and services without any intervention of money.
-3.Commodity money: it is used as a medium of exchange by society.
-4.Paper Money: certificate issued by a bank or goldsmith, to record that a person has made a deposit of gold and that gold may be changed at will.
-5.Fiat money: money that basa its value in the credit and confidence issues who deserves it.
-6.Liquidity of an asset: ease with which an asset can be converted into money available.
-7.Money supply: the amount of cash held by the public and bank deposits.
-8.Loans: Funds granted by banks to households or businesses.
-9.Cash ratio: percentage of deposits that banks must hold as reserves to legally comply with requests for money they can make their clients.
-10.Check: order addressed to our bank to pay an amount charged to our account.
-11.Type of interest: the price of money.
-12.Term: The longer the period in which they will return the money, will require higher interest rate.
- 13.Risk: to the extent that there is more risk that the borrowed money is not recovered for non-payment or late, will demand a higher interest rate.
- 14.Liquidity: The easier it is to recover the money paid, the lower rate of interest shall be required.
-15.Inflaccion: the continued and widespread rise in prices of an economy.
-16.Inflaccion Moderate slight increase in prices, down from 2% to 3%.
-17.Inflaccion rampant: rise above 10%.
-18.Hiperinflaccion: Prices rise over 100% in a year. It involves the loss of control of prices and the collapse of the monetary system.
-19.Value for money: the set of biens and services that can be purchased with money.
-20.Inflaccion demand: Rising prices caused by increased consumption.
-21.Inflaccion Cost: Increase in prices due to the increased cost of production factors.
-22.Inflation rate: measures the variation in a given time period.
- 23.Credit:assume that the bank makes available to the applicant an amount, which may be providing as needed, paying interest only for the quantities actually used.
-24.Banks: are private companies whose goal is making profits for their owners.
-25.Savings: are nonprofit entities that destinam their profits to a charitable-social.
-26.Credit cooperatives: owned by their depositors partners, who are the beneficiaries of their financial services.
-27.Financial intermediary: institution dedicated to attracting the money they save families to lend them to those in need, ensuring that all the savings of the economy to become investment.
-28.Debits: is an authorization to the bank to pay them and we owe ourselves later.
-29.Bank Transfer: allows a person to pay money to simply ordering our bank transferred the money from our account to the bank account of that person.
-30.Financial assets: are securities which constitute recognition of a liability by of the issuer and giving the holder the right to collect.
-31.Actions: equity securities representing each of the equal parts into which the capital of an SA and that give the holder the condition of an equity partner and the right to participate in the management of the company and its benefits.
-32.Government bonds: these are fixed income securities that represent each of the equal parts into which a loan. Both are issued by companies and public sector.
-33.Stock indices: they reflect the evolution in time of the prices of publicly traded securities.
Hello Juana Mari, I'm Ester Reyes this are my definitions of the didactic unit 6.
ResponderEliminarhyperinflation: prices go up over 100% each year is the loss of control of prices and the collapse of the monetary system
galloping inflation: 10% annual rise
inflation: continuous and widespread rise in prices
demand-pull inflation: is the demand that occurs when more goods and Serbs which the companies can produce that causes prices to rise
cost inflation: a rise in prices due principalmete to the increased costs in production factors
nominal variables :do not account for inflation
real variables: are those in which they have eliminated the effects of inflationmoney: medium of exchange and payment accepted by society
barter: exchange of goods and services without money and without its
commodity money: money that besides having value itself is used as a medium of exchange by members of a society
paper money: a certificate issued by a bank or a goldsmith who gives evidence that a person has made a deposit of gold that can be exchanged for gold when the owner required
fiat money: money value based on which credit and trust the person deserves it emits
our account
Loans: Funds granted to banks and companies which family must repay the money within a specified period and pay interest
cash ratio: percentage of deposits that banks must be legally reserved for antender requests for money they can make their customers
value of money: it is their purchasing power is the set of goods and services available with him. if prices go down in value in proportion
moderate inflation: prices go below a 2 or 3% galloping inflation: 10% annual rise
Securities Market Act: establishes the legal framework for governing these markets national commission of the stock market: public body that ensures market transparency
Stock Indexes: reflect the time evolution of the prices of securities traded
IBEX35: is the most important index which includes daily evolution of the shares of the 35 companies that move more money on the continuous market
national savings is income in an economy that remains after paying in private consumption and public spending
Hello juana mari . I'M pablo Molina alvarez (1B) .here are my word of the didactic unit 6 .
ResponderEliminar1-Barter: direct Exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the money happens.
2-Money: We can define the money as the way of change and of payment generally accepted by the members of a company
3-money goods: A good that beside having a value if same, it is used as way of change the members of a company
4-Money paper: Certificate issued by a bank company to give witness of which a golden warehouse has been realized and that can be changed into hoop when this person or his owner it demands fiduciary Money.
5-monetary Offer: It is the quantity of money that circulates in an economy that is defined as the sum of the cash in mas of the public and the bank deposits
6- Liquidity of an asset: Ease with which an asset can be converted into money available
7-Check: Order addressed to our bank to pay an amount charged to our account the interest rate is defined as the price of a loan. It is ultimately the price of money
8-Inflation: A sustained rise in prices and widespread economic
9-Moderate inflation: Mild increase in prices of less than 2 or 3%
10-Runaway inflation: Rise above the 10% annual
11-hyperinflation: Prices rise over 100% in a year
12-value of money: It is your purchasing power, ie the set of goods and services is available with the. if prices rise the value of cash decreases by the same proportion
13-Inflation of demanad: Rising prices caused by increased consumption that is not accompanied by a greater supply of goods and services
14-Cost Inflation: Increase in prices due to the increased cost of production factors
15-Variambles ratings: do not take into account the effects of inflation
16-Real variables: those in which the effects of inflation have been deducted or eliminated
17-banks: are private companies aimed at obtaining their owners beneficion
18-Savings: are entidadees nonprofit that spend their profits to a charitable works - social
19-credit cooperatives. dispositantes member-owned, which are the beneficiaries of financial services
20-Financial intermediary: Intitucion dedicated to attracting the money they save to families to be given to those in need by ensuring
21-finacieros assets: are titles contituyen the reconocimentos value of a debt by qyuien the issues and giving the holder the right
22-Actions: equity securities representing each of the equal aprtes into which the capital of an SA that give the holder the condition of shareholder
23-Government bonds: These are fixed income securities represntan each of the equal parts into which a loan. Both companies are issued by the public sector
24-The equity indices: they reflect the evolution in time of the prices of securities traded
25-International trade consists of the itnercambio of goods and services between different countries
26-Free trade: Lack of barriers to trade in goods and services between countries
27-Protectionism: economic thought that considers the best thing for the industry of a country is to protect it from foreign competition
28-Trade deficit occurs when imports of goods from one country are higher than exports
29-ivnersion companies and funds. Sell shares to the public and use proceeds to buy a selection or portfolio of different types of stocks and bonds
30-Pension funds: gather the money contributed by active-entry workers in a periodic manner and invest it for profit
31-Insurance companies: customers economically cover all types of risks
32-Leasing entities: They finance the companies said they are in order encesitan equipment in the form of hire-purchase end
33-Factoring entities: They collect outstanding bills or believed to have the companies said on third parties, in exchange for remuneration
34-Venture capital: They provide capital to firms temporarily eprtenecen dynamic sectors of the economy
35-liquids of an asset: Ease with which an asset can be converted into money available
Luis Manuel Ramírez Fernández
ResponderEliminar1 Money: medium of exchange and payment generally accepted by society.
2 Interest rate: price of money
3 Inflation: continued widespread rise in prices.
4 Financial system: its function is to connect and coordinate the financing offered to those who demand it.
5 Bank: private enterprises aimed at making profits for their owners.
6 Savings. Nonprofit entities that spend their profits to charity
7 Credit Unions: belong to their depositor’s partners, who are benefiting from financial services.
8 Insurance Companies: cover economically customers of all types of risk and its funding to pay fees from customers.
9 Leasing companies: They finance companies goods leaving them in the form of hire-purchase.
10 Business factoring invoices and loscréditos They charge that the companies have on third parties in exchange for payment.
11 Financial assets: titles constitute recognition of a debt by whom the emitted and which give the holder the right to collect.
12 Stock market: market specializes in the sale of all kinds of titles and whose function is to channel savings into investment.
13 National Commission on Securities Market: An organism that ensures transparency of market, the correct formation of prices that are negotiated and the protection of investors involved.
14 Stock market index: reflects the time evolution of the prices of securities traded.
15 International trade: the exchange of goods and services between countries.
16 Tariff: Tax on imports of goods from other countries
17 Quotas and contingents: Limitations on the number of goods can be imported from certain products.
18 Measures having equivalent effect: Imposition of barriers through bureaucratic processes.
19 Dumping: Companies sell products bearing losses to eliminate competition.
20 Supports: incentive fund provided by the government
21 Protectionism: economic thought that considers the best thing for the industry of a country is to protect competition to hinder the importation of foreign products
22 FTA: reducing barriers among member countries, but remain tariffs to third countries.
23 Customs Union: In addition to removing the barriers between all States ntegrantes, establishing a single tariff on products from third countries
24 Monetary Union: it decided to establish a single currency, which implies a single economic policy and a central bank for the whole area.
25 Common Market: occurs when a customs union is decided to liberalize the movement of goods and services, factors of production among member countries
26 Economic Union: countries coordinate their economic systems and create institutions to develop economic policy.
27 Convergence Plan of the European Union: a plan by which the candidate countries join the euro zone must undertake to fulfill the commitments of budgetary stability hen joins the single currency
28 EAFRD: fund for all actions seeking rural development in disadvantaged areas.
29 ERDF: fund that finances actions related to the objectives of convergence, regional competitiveness and employment and territorial cooperation.
30 Globalization: the phenomenon of open economies and the boundaries arose as a result of trade, capital movements, the circulation of people and ideas, dissemination of information, knowledge or techniques etc..
I am marta novas rios 1ºb, I published the definitions in U.D4
ResponderEliminar1_The interest rate (or interest rate) is the rate at which capital is invested in a unit of time, determining what is referred to as "the price of money in the financial market."
2_Globalization is an economic, technological, social and cultural scale, which consists of increasing communication and interdependence among countries in the world by unifying its markets, societies and cultures, through a series of social, economic and political that give a global character.
3_Money (from the Latin denarius or penny, Roman coin) are all common medium of exchange and generally accepted by a society that is used to pay for goods (goods), services, and any obligations (debts)
4_stocks is an aliquot of the capital of a corporation. Represents the property that a person has a part of that society, which provides economic and political rights of the owner (shareholder) and the right to a share of profits and voting at shareholders' meetings.
5_Is defined as international trade or global trade in goods, products and services between two or more countries or economic regions.
6_Factoring involves the transfer of credits generated by our business customers, so that from that moment is the factoring company who is responsible for putting into service the credit and cash it in the manner and time established between our company and our client.
7_Inflation, in economics, is the general increase in prices of goods and services related to currency held for a period of time.
8_Saving is the difference between disposable income and consumption made by a person, business, public administration, among others. Likewise, saving is the income that is consumed or complementary part of the expense.
9_Currency, the Latin motto, the split-split verb, refers to all the currency used in a region or country outside their home. Currencies fluctuate each other within the global money market.
10_Leasing is a process by which a firm can obtain the use of a certain fixed assets for which it must pay a series of contractual, periodic, tax deductible payments.
11_In economics, "dumping" can refer to any type of predatory pricing
12_A bank is a financial company in charge of raising funds in the form of deposits and lending money, and the provision of financial services.
Lorena Gómez Gallardo 1B -Definitions.
ResponderEliminar1= Money: medium of exchange and payment generally accepted by society.
2= Paper Money: certificate issued by a bank or goldsmith, to record that a person has made a deposit of gold and that gold may be changed at will.
3= Money goods: A good that beside having a value if same, it is used as way of change the members of a company .
4= Liquidity of an asset: Ease with which an asset can be converted into money available.
5= Money supply: the amount of cash held by the public and bank deposits.
6= Barter: direct exchange of goods and services without any intervention of money.
7= Savings: Nonprofit entities that spend their profits to charity
8= Check: order addressed to our bank to pay an amount charged to our account.It is ultimately the price of money.
9= Runaway inflation: Rise above the 10% annual.
10= Liquidity: The easier it is to recover the money paid, the lower rate of interest shall be required.
11= Cash ratio: percentage of deposits that banks must hold as reserves to legally comply with requests for money they can make their clients.
12= Inflaccion: the continued and widespread rise in prices of an economy.
13= Inflaccion rampant: rise above 10%.
14= Inflaccion Moderate slight increase in prices, down from 2% to 3%.
15= Loans: Funds granted by banks to households or businesses.
16= Risk: to the extent that there is more risk that the borrowed money is not recovered for non-payment or late, will demand a higher interest rate.
17= Term: The longer the period in which they will return the money, will require higher interest rate.
18= Value for money: the set of biens and services that can be purchased with money.
19= Inflation rate: measures the variation in a given time period.
20= Inflaccion demand: Rising prices caused by increased consumption.
21= Inflaccion Cost: Increase in prices due to the increased cost of production factors.
22= Hiperinflaccion: Prices rise over 100% in a year. It involves the loss of control of prices and the collapse of the monetary system.
23= Credit : cooperatives. dispositantes member-owned, which are the beneficiaries of financial services.
24= Credit cooperatives: owned by their depositors partners, who are the beneficiaries of their financial services.
25= Bank: private enterprises aimed at making profits for their owners.
26= Credit Unions: belong to their depositor’s partners, who are benefiting from financial services
27= Bank Transfer: allows a person to pay money to simply ordering our bank transferred the money from our account to the bank account of that person
28= Financial assets: are securities which constitute recognition of a liability by of the issuer and giving the holder the right to collect.
29= Dumping: Companies sell products bearing losses to eliminate competition.
30= Globalization: the phenomenon of open economies and the boundaries arose as a result of trade, capital movements.
Hi Juana Mari ! I'm Ana Carmen Bruzón :D I'm in the class 1ºB and here there are my definitions.
ResponderEliminarInvestor. Neither a speculator (who takes on high risks for high rewards) nor a gambler (who takes on the risk of total loss for out of proportion rewards) but one whose primary objectives are preservation of the original investment (the principal), a steady income, and capital appreciation.
Savings. The portion of disposable income not spent on consumption of consumer goods but accumulated or invested directly in capital equipment or in paying off a home mortgage, or indirectly through purchase of securities.
Credit union. Financial cooperative created for and by its members who are its depositors, borrowers, and shareholders. Operated on non-profit basis, credit unions offer many banking services, such as consumer and commercial loans (usually at lower than market interest rates), time deposits (usually at higher than market interest rates), credit cards, and guaranties.
Insurance company. A business that provides coverage, in the form of compensation resulting from loss, damages, injury, treatment or hardship in exchange for premium payments. The company calculates the risk of occurrence then determines the cost to replace (pay for) the loss to determine the premium amount.
Liability. A claim against the assets, or legal obligations of a person or organization, arising out of past or current transactions or actions. Liabilities require mandatory transfer of assets, or provision of services, at specified dates or in determinable future.
Investment fund. A capital accounting classification within a company's records for an account that is reserved for investment in capital assets or business acquisitions.
Pension fund. Pooled-contributions from pension plans set up by employers, unions, or other organizations to provide for the employees' or members' retirement benefits.
Stock exchange. Organized and regulated financial market where securities (bonds, notes, shares) are bought and sold at prices governed by the forces of demand and supply.
Stock exchange. Organized and regulated financial market where securities (bonds, notes, shares) are bought and sold at prices governed by the forces of demand and supply.
Venture capital. Startup or growth equity capital or loan capital provided by private investors (the venture capitalists) or specialized financial institutions (development finance houses or venture capital firms).
Globalization. The worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration.
Globalization implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers.
Bond. A written and signed promise to pay a certain sum of money on a certain date, or on fulfillment of a specified condition. All documented contracts and loan agreements are bonds
Hola, soy Diego Repiso de 1ºB , hay te dejo 18 definiciones :)
ResponderEliminar1-Barter: direct exchange of goods and services without the intervention of money
2 Money: We define the form of money as the payment change and generally accepted by members of a society
3-way exchange of money: a good that besides having a value if it is used as a way to change the members of a society.
4-The paper money: Certificate issued by a bank company to testify that a store has been realized gold and that gold may change when this person or their own money required
5-inflation: continuous and widespread rise in an economy price
6 - Moderate inflation: price increases below 2 or 3%
7 - runaway inflation: rising 10% annually.
8 - hyperinflation prices rise more than 100%, people lose control of prices and entrench people to barter
9 - stock index: it reflects the time evolution of the prices of traded securities.
10 - International trade: the exchange of goods and services between countries
11 - IBEX35: it is the most important index, which includes the daily evolution of the shares of 35 companies that move more money in the continuous market on national saving is the income in an economy that remains after the payment of private consumption expenditure public
12 - Globalization: the phenomenon of open economies and boundaries emerged as a result of trade, capital movements, the movement of people and ideas, dissemination of information, knowledge or techniques, etc.
13 - investment companies and funds: Selling shares to the public and use the proceeds to buy a selection or portfolio of different types of stocks and bonds
14 - pension funds, raise the money contributed by active workers who come periodically and invest it for profit
15-insurers: clients cover all types of economic risks
16-leasing entities: They finance the companies said they are in the equipment needed in the form of lease-end purchase
17 - factoring companies: collect outstanding accounts or believed that companies have said the third parties in exchange for payment.
18 - Stock Market: Market specializes in selling all kinds of titles and whose function is to channel savings into investment
Hi Juana Mari, I'm Ana Carmen Bruzón and these are my definitions :D
ResponderEliminarInternational trade.
The exchange of goods or services along international borders. This type of trade allows for a greater competition and more competitive pricing in the market. The competition results in more affordable products for the consumer.
Quote.
Limitation on the quantity that must not be exceeded, such as an import quota.
Tariff.
1. General: Published list of fares, freight charges, prices, rates, etc.
2. Foreign trade: Popular term for import tariff and import tariff schedule.
Dumping.
Exporting goods at prices lower than the home-market prices. In price-to-price dumping, the exporter uses higher home-prices to supplement the reduced revenue from lower export prices.
Primary market.
Market in which buyers and sellers negotiate and transact business directly, without any intermediary such as resellers.
Hiperinflación.
Ruinously high increase (50 percent or more per month) in prices due to the near total collapse of a country's monetary system, rendering its currency almost worthless as a medium of exchange.
Subsidy.
Economic benefit (such as a tax allowance or duty rebate) or financial aid (such as a cash grant or soft loan) provided by a government to support a desirable activity (such as exports), keep prices of staples low, maintain the income of the producers of critical or strategic products, maintain employment levels, or induce investment to reduce unemployment.
Nominal price.
Estimated price of an item that may bear little or no relation to its market price, and which is quoted to initiate a negotiation or transaction.
Lender.
Entity that advances cash to a borrower for a stated period and for a fixed or variable rate of interest, with or without a security other than the borrower's signatures. See also secured lender.
Borger.
An individual, organization or company that is using funds, materials or services on credit. See also borrow, lender, loan.
Monetary policy.
Economic strategy chosen by a government in deciding expansion or contraction in the country's money-supply.
Hi! I'm Alegría, and I'll write some definitions:
ResponderEliminar-Barter: direct exchange of goods and services without any intervention of money
-fiat money: money that basa its value in the credit and confidence
-inflation: continuous rise of prices, with dire consequences to the economy
-FI: institution dedicated to attracting the money they save to lend to families who need it
-actions: equity securities representing each of the equal parts which divides the capital of an SA.
-Check: order addressed to our bank to pay an amount charged to our account.
-interest rate: the price of a loan, ultimately the price of money
-moderate inflation: slight increase in prices, less than 2 or 3%
-runaway inflation: price increases above 10%
-cost inflation: higher prices due to increased cost of production factors
-financial assets: are titles of value is the recognition of a debt by one who gives and gives holder the right to assume their collection
-securities market: a market specializing in the sale of all types of securities and savings channeled
Hello!! I'm Carmen Salguero, Here is my definitions:
ResponderEliminar-barter: Direct exchange of goods and services without any intervention of money
- Fiat money: Money basa its value in the credit and confidence issues who deserves
- Money merchandise: A well that in addition to gener value itself is used as a medium of exchange by members of a society
- Loans: Funds granted by banks to households or businesses. The Parties undertake to repay the money within a specified period and pay interest for its use
- Check: Order addressed to our bank to pay an amount charged to our account
- Value of money: It is his ability conjuunto adquisita ie goods and services that can be purchased with it. If prices rise the value of cash decreases by the same proportion
- Inflation of demand: price increases caused mainly by increased consumption that is not accompanied by a greater supply of goods and services
- Inflation cost: price increases, mainly due to the increased cost of production factors
- Financial intermediary: Institution dedicated to attracting the money they save to lend to families who need it, ensuring that all the savings of the economy to become investment
- Financial system to contact and coordinate the financing offered to those who demand
- Actions: equity title representing each of the equal parts into which a capital of SA and that give the holder the condition of an equity partner and the right to participate in the management of the company and its benefits.
- Government bonds: These are fixed income securities representing a party casda match into which a loan. Both are issued by companies and public sector
- continuous trading of shares: shares hiring system that works uninterruptedly through informatic media, which are connected the four Spanish stock exchanges
- Indexes: There are those that reflect the evolution in time of the prices of securities traded
- Stock Market: Market specializes in selling all kinds of titles and whose function is to channel savings into investment
- nominal interest rate: is published that shows up is the return that we offer for our cost savings or borrow money
- real interest rate: the nominal interest rate corrected to take account of inflation
- Euribor is the type of interest applied to loans between euro area banks
- International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries
- Free trade: no barriers to trade in goods and services between countries
- Trade deficit occurs when imports of goods from one country are higher than exports
- exchange rate: the price of one currency against another
-`public Deficit: This occurs when public expenditures are higher than income in a given period
- regional integration process: it is between two or more states in order to achieve a common action plan on economic aspects of political, cultural, social, etc.
-Globalization: feonomeno opening of economies and borders that arose as a result of increased trade, cultural movements, etc.
- dumping: measure by which a company sells its products at a loss to eliminate competition.
- Tariff: tax on imported goods from another country.
- real variables: those in which the effects of inflation have been deducted or eliminated.
- nominal variables do not take into account the effects of inflation.
- inflation rates, which measure the variation of prices in a given period
Hi Juana Mari, I'm Daniel Alfaro Morales 1ºB
ResponderEliminar1paper money: a certificate issued by a bank or a goldsmith who gives evidence that a person has made a deposit of gold that can be exchanged for gold when the owner required
2fiat money: money value based on which credit and trust the person deserves it emits
our account
3Loans: Funds granted to banks and companies which family must repay the money within a specified period and pay interest
4Money: We can define the money as the way of change and of payment generally accepted by the members of a company
5monetary Offer: It is the quantity of money that circulates in an economy that is defined as the sum of the cash in mas of the public and the bank deposits
6Inflation: A sustained rise in prices and widespread economic
7Moderate inflation: Mild increase in prices of less than 2 or 3%
8Runaway inflation: Rise above the 10% annual
9hyperinflation: Prices rise over 100% in a year
10banks: are private companies aimed at obtaining their owners beneficion
11Tariff: Tax on imports of goods from other countries
12Protectionism: economic thought that considers the best thing for the industry of a country is to protect competition to hinder the importation of foreign products
13 FTA: reducing barriers among member countries, but remain tariffs to third countries.
14Monetary Union: it decided to establish a single currency, which implies a single economic policy and a central bank for the whole area.
15Dumping: Companies sell products bearing losses to eliminate competition.
16Globalization: the phenomenon of open economies and the boundaries arose as a result of trade, capital movements.
17Liability. A claim against the assets, or legal obligations of a person or organization, arising out of past or current transactions or actions. Liabilities require mandatory transfer of assets, or provision of services, at specified dates or in determinable future.
18Pension fund. Pooled-contributions from pension plans set up by employers, unions, or other organizations to provide for the employees' or members' retirement benefits
19Bond. A written and signed promise to pay a certain sum of money on a certain date, or on fulfillment of a specified condition. All documented contracts and loan agreements are bonds
20inversion companies and funds. Sell shares to the public and use proceeds to buy a selection or portfolio of different types of stocks and bonds
21Pension funds: gather the money contributed by active-entry workers in a periodic manner and invest it for profit
22Stock exchange. Organized and regulated financial market where securities (bonds, notes, shares) are bought and sold at prices governed by the forces of demand and supply
23Venture capital. Startup or growth equity capital or loan capital provided by private investors (the venture capitalists) or specialized financial institutions (development finance houses or venture capital firms).
24monetary Offer: It is the quantity of money that circulates in an economy that is defined as the sum of the cash in mas of the public and the bank deposits
25Real variables: those in which the effects of inflation have been deducted or eliminated
26credit cooperatives. dispositantes member-owned, which are the beneficiaries of financial services.
27Government bonds: These are fixed income securities represntan each of the equal parts into which a loan. Both companies are issued by the public sector